السبت، 31 ديسمبر 2016

Having a baby? Don’t be brave – take the drugs | Barbara Ellen

There’s no point in false machismo when giving birth when pain relief is so close to hand

A study by Which? Birth Choice reveals that pregnant women in London are more likely to request pain relief before going into labour than in other areas of Britain. The study of 48,000 prospective parents found that age and location could influence preferences in other ways – two-thirds of Scottish women were interested in birthing pools, while women over 40 were more likely to want medical intervention (foetal monitoring, episiotomies) than young women.

Reading all this was interesting. But at the same time, I thought that while choice is all-important, let’s not fall into the trap of turning options for pain relief – or, rather, turning it down – into a gigantic, virtue-signalling competition.

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الخميس، 22 ديسمبر 2016

Half of adult women in Brazil put off pregnancy by Zika virus – survey

Fifty-six per cent of women of reproductive age taking part in research say they are avoiding pregnancy over health concerns

More than half of adult women of reproductive age in Brazil have actively tried to avoid pregnancy because of the Zika virus epidemic, according to a survey carried out there.

Brazil has confirmed far more malformations of the brain in babies born to mothers who were infected with Zika than any other country.

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الأربعاء، 21 ديسمبر 2016

Marie Stopes UK abortion clinics put women at risk, CQC finds

Health watchdog report says family planning provider failed to adequately train staff and neglected to obtain proper patient consent

One of Britain’s biggest abortion providers put women at risk by failing to adequately train staff and neglecting to obtain proper consent from patients, a watchdog report has revealed.

Staff at Marie Stopes International (MSI) had “limited training” in resuscitation and clinicians were found to be “bulk-signing” forms authorising abortions, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) said.

Related: Marie Stopes suspends some abortion services over safety issues

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الثلاثاء، 20 ديسمبر 2016

Pregnant women's stem cells could treat osteoporosis, say scientists

Stem cell infusions could treat babies affected with rare bone conditions, as well as older people – and even astronauts who lose bone mass in orbit

People with fragile bones could have their skeletons beefed up with infusions of stem cells harvested from pregnant women, researchers say.

Scientists proposed the unusual therapy after studies showed that the treatment led to 78% fewer fractures in animals that were bred to have a brittle bone disorder.

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الاثنين، 19 ديسمبر 2016

Pregnancy causes long-term changes to brain structure, says study

Decrease in volume of grey matter in certain areas of the brain could help boost a mother’s ability to care for her child, research suggests

Pregnancy appears to trigger long-term changes in brain structure, researchers have revealed, suggesting that the transformations could boost a mother’s ability to care for her newborn baby.

The study, based on brains scans, found that the volume of grey matter in certain regions of the brain decreased in women who had been pregnant – a shift that was found to last for at least two years.

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السبت، 17 ديسمبر 2016

Labour of love: the volunteers helping fellow refugees give birth

When Safa came to the UK from Syria, she faced having her baby alone. Now Fatoma, who fled Sudan 10 years ago, will be with her as part of a groundbreaking scheme

Bouncing a chattering toddler on her knee, a patterned headscarf framing her broad smile, Safa shows few signs of how difficult her life has been. But as she describes the past five years, her hand moves instinctively to her pregnant stomach.

In 2012, Safa and her husband, both in their late 20s, were living in Aleppo when a blast destroyed their home, injuring him and leaving them with nothing. The young couple travelled by bus to Lebanon where, for six months, they shared a room and one toilet with 10 other people. Surviving on a tiny stipend from the UN, they were eventually given their own room – “about the size of this”, she says, gesturing to a small table – in return for collecting all the rubbish in the block. It was there that she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, now 18 months old. “We were treated like animals,” she says.

I was scared. Where we come from, when you do this sort of operation, either the baby or the mother dies

Befrienders make the most enormous difference. They are figures of trust for women who may be scared to trust others

Related: Please help us help #childrefugees survive the winter - Guardian/Observer 2016 Appeal

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الأربعاء، 14 ديسمبر 2016

What social workers need to know about surrogacy

Surrogacy offers hope to thousands of childless couples, but a lack of regulation means social workers must be alert to the dangers and complications

Popularly billed as either a “miracle” solution for involuntarily childless couples or as a “step too far” that should be halted in its tracks, surrogacy is becoming big business around the world, posing many challenges for social workers.

The fact is that social care agencies can and do get drawn in. They may get cases referred during the surrogate’s pregnancy because of concerns about her exploitation or the arrangements for the child. They may become involved if family difficulties later develop – in either the “new” family or the surrogate’s own family, or if parents separate. They may see any of the parties via mental health services. Care workers must be well informed if they are to recognise the human rights and social work principles that need to be respected in order to practise safely and ethically.

Related: It is time to focus on the rights at the heart of social work

Related: Child protection is changing, but safety must remain a priority

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الثلاثاء، 13 ديسمبر 2016

I had a miscarriage and I'm not afraid to talk about it – video

When journalist and author Janet Murray had her second miscarriage, her main priority was not being a burden to others. She says that even though one in four women experiences miscarriage, the culture of silence around it implies that it is something to be ashamed of. The sooner we rethink the way we talk about miscarriage, she argues, the better

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Autism linked to vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, researchers find

Study finds pregnant women with low vitamin D levels at 20 weeks more likely to have a child with autistic traits

The important role vitamin D plays in early life is back in the spotlight after Australian researchers noticed a link between a deficiency during pregnancy and autism.

The study found pregnant women with low vitamin D levels at 20 weeks’ gestation were more likely to have a child with autistic traits by the age of six.

Related: Study offers potential breakthrough in care of children with autism

Related: You think autistic people have no empathy? My little boy is so empathetic it hurts | Louise Milligan

Related: The fake cures for autism that can prove deadly | Frances Ryan

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الأربعاء، 7 ديسمبر 2016

Caesarean sections are rising – but don’t blame mothers | Rebecca Schiller

Research saying mums with small pelvises perpetuate the need for caesareans simply feeds the media’s insatiable appetite for woman-blaming

Just when you thought the pressure on mothers couldn’t be any greater, science and the media machine that interprets it have come up with a brand new Darwin-shaped stick to beat us with. According to a “simple mathematical model” published this week, the rising rate of caesarean sections could be explained by an evolutionary trend whereby the procedure itself perpetuates small pelvises in women.

Babies who would previously have died during childbirth because they were unable to fit their large heads through their mothers’ narrow pelvises are now saved by caesarean sections. According to the theory, the small-pelvis genes of the mother are then passed on to the next generation, defying natural selection. Researchers predict that this will lead to an evolutionary loop requiring increasing numbers of caesareans as the generations go by.

Related: Forcing a woman to have a caesarean is an assault we won't tolerate | Rebecca Schiller

Related: 'A baby made his first sound on the 106 bus': readers share amazing birth stories | Guardian readers and Sarah Marsh

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الثلاثاء، 6 ديسمبر 2016

Pregnant women in UK told to watch for heart disease symptoms

Condition is leading cause of death in UK in months before and weeks after childbirth, says audit led by medical royal colleges

Pregnant women are being told to look out for the symptoms of heart disease, which is now the leading cause of death in the months before and weeks after childbirth.

Two in every 100,000 women who gave birth between 2009 and 2014 died as a result of heart disease in the UK – nearly a quarter of all maternal deaths in the period, according to an audit led by the medical royal colleges.

Related: Lesley Regan: ‘I have a responsibility to tell pregnant women the truth’ | Sarah Boseley

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Lesley Regan: ‘I have a responsibility to tell pregnant women the truth’ | Sarah Boseley

The new president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists is determined to be honest about the dangers of obesity and other health issues

Lesley Regan, the new president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, is only the second woman to hold that office and the first in 64 years. If that seems extraordinary in a profession where the clients are exclusively female – as are most new doctors – there is no doubt that Regan will soon sweep out any lingering male bias in dusty college corners.

Related: More babies face health risks due to obese parents, experts warn

We have to persuade the government that the health of a nation is determined by the health of its girls and women

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الأحد، 4 ديسمبر 2016

Row over allowing research on 28-day embryos

Scientists say increasing limit from 14 days will give greater insight into congenital conditions

Scientists will make a controversial call this week to extend the current 14-day limit for carrying out experiments on human embryos to 28 days. The move follows recent breakthroughs that have allowed researchers to double the time embryos can be kept alive in the laboratory.

By extending the current research period, major insights into congenital conditions, heart disease and some cancers could be gained, they will argue at a conference in London on Wednesday.

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Simone Lia on pregnancy

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الاثنين، 28 نوفمبر 2016

Pregnancy and low self-esteem have put a stop to our sex life

It has been eight months since I gave birth, but I don’t miss sex

My partner and I had a fulfilling sex life for years, and then I fell pregnant. Our sex life began to dwindle due to morning sickness and me finding it hard to accept my body shape – I’ve always struggled with self-esteem. Our baby is now eight months old and we both thought I would have returned to “normal” by now, but I’m not convinced I miss sex all that much.

Your concern is very common and understandable; you want to take care of your baby and be as sexually invested as you were pre-pregnancy. At this point in your life as a mother, however, the two roles are mutually exclusive, so stop putting so much pressure on yourself. The reasons for your lack of libido are natural and normal, and it is important that both you and your partner understand that. Hormonal changes may still be playing a part, and the exhaustion you are experiencing as a new mother is bound to turn you off. These things are transient.

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الجمعة، 25 نوفمبر 2016

Plumpton High Babies: 10 Years On – how a teacher changed lives for pregnant teenagers

Glenn Sargeant was the principal a generation of girls trusted to support them through pregnancy and help them stay at school

If you found out you were pregnant at the age of fifteen, would you trust your high school principal enough to tell him first?

It sounds unlikely, but for many girls at Plumpton High in Sydney’s western suburbs, this was their reality – and the remarkable man they placed their trust in was Glenn Sargeant.

Related: Whose Line Is it Anyway? What to expect from the Australian iteration

Related: How Tasmania became the gothic muse of Australian film and TV

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الخميس، 24 نوفمبر 2016

3D embryo atlas reveals human development in unprecedented detail

Digital model will aid vital research, offering chance chance to explore intricate changes occurring in the first weeks of life

The beautiful and otherworldly development of the human embryo has been revealed in unprecedented detail in an interactive three-dimensional atlas.

The digital models, built by a team of scientists in the Netherlands, took around 45,000 hours to produce and offer researchers an unparalleled glimpse into the first eight weeks of human development.

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The woman who showed me how difficult it is to be pregnant and poor

She was homeless, isolated, vulnerable and completely alone. Every day people walked past her and ignored her

Last year, I met a homeless woman who was sleeping rough in a busy port near Athens. She was isolated, vulnerable, completely alone – and pregnant. Every day people walked past her, ignored her, tried to pretend she didn’t exist. She had no one to talk to and no idea what was happening to her body; she didn’t even know how long she had been pregnant for. She was terrified.

Last week, I noticed a wealthy-looking pregnant woman out walking with her husband near the same port. She was greeted with warm smiles from passersby. Strangers congratulated her or stopped to ask her about her pregnancy. She had a whole host of people to talk to about her transition into motherhood. Granted, she too was probably terrified, but she could take comfort in having a network of support surrounding her. She looked happy.

Related: Emily wanted to die when her son was taken. Nurses gave her a future

Related: A mother's world was transformed – and so was my career – all by a baby's birth

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الاثنين، 21 نوفمبر 2016

One in 100 carries heart-condition gene

British researchers say 1% at risk of heart failure under abnormal stress, such as pregnancy or alcoholism

One in every 100 healthy people carry a faulty gene that could trigger a dangerous heart condition, scientists have found. Researchers at Imperial College London and the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre say 1% of the population are at risk from heart failure when the organ is placed under abnormal stress – such as through pregnancy or alcoholism – even if they appear otherwise healthy.

Related: Billion people have high blood pressure, mostly in poorer countries

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الأحد، 20 نوفمبر 2016

The New Man review – painfully intimate

A frank but unremarkable record by parents-to-be becomes profoundly moving when complications arise

British film-maker Josh Appignanesi turns the camera on himself and his wife Devorah to document their much-longed-for pregnancy. His candid introspection and self-interrogation strikes a chord, but doesn’t, at first, reveal anything particularly novel about impending parenthood. Then the pregnancy becomes complicated, the happiness is stalked by tragedy and the immense generosity of Appignanesi and his wife in sharing this most intimate of journeys becomes clear. Told simply through snatches of conversations with friends and family, and subtle sound design, this is a profoundly moving and revealing study of a life-changing event.

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الأربعاء، 16 نوفمبر 2016

Pregnant woman with learning difficulties should have caesarean, judge rules

Doctors can perform a caesarean section on a pregnant woman with learning difficulties who wants to give birth naturally at home, a judge has ruled after a hearing in a specialist court

Doctors can perform a caesarean section on a pregnant woman with learning difficulties who wants to give birth naturally at home, a judge has ruled after a hearing in a specialist court.

Mr Justice Baker concluded that a caesarean would be in the woman’s best interests after analysing her case at a public hearing in the court of protection in London, where judges consider issues relating to people who might lack the mental capacity to make decisions.

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الأحد، 13 نوفمبر 2016

IVF clinics misleading couples about success rate, ACCC finds

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission says clinics are not adequately disclosing and quantifying data

Several major IVF clinics in Australia have been misleading couples about their success rate, an investigation by the Australian consumer watchdog has found.

Earlier this year the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission launched a review of website content from all major Australian IVF clinics and found some made success rate comparisons without adequately disclosing and quantifying the data used to make the claims.

Related: Australians will pay the price for dominance of big companies, says ACCC chief

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السبت، 5 نوفمبر 2016

New man becomes new dad – the very hard way

About to become a father for the first time, film director Josh Appignanesi turned the camera on himself and his pregnant wife. But what started as a light-hearted project suddenly turned very serious

Devorah Baum is having a baby; her husband, Josh Appignanesi, is making a film about her having a baby. Or to be more precise, Josh’s film is about what he feels about the pregnancy: because it’s hard work, this pregnancy lark, for Josh. While Devorah is hoping against hope that, after three years of fertility treatment, the couple really are going to become parents, Josh is doing the really difficult bit of pregnancy: he’s having a full-on, no-holds-barred existential crisis. On camera.

How is it for a man in the 21st century when his partner is pregnant? History has changed everything: Stone Age Josh would have gone out hunter-gathering, prepared a safe nest, fought off intruders and brought back food. Modern-day Josh is sitting in his kitchen while his wife and her girlfriends shriek with delight at news of the conception; and then the further bit of news, which is that there are in fact two heartbeats, not one. He is looking very, very scared. What does pregnancy mean for a man in the 21st century? Josh isn’t the main earner. Devorah is the one with a job; Josh is the freelance, and right now he’s the freelance with no work. These were, in fact, the circumstances that led to the project. “Josh thought he was going to make a romcom in Italy,” says Devorah, when we meet at their house in west London. “And he said, if it falls through I’ll just have to make a film about us. And suddenly it did fall through, and there he was making this film about us.”

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الجمعة، 4 نوفمبر 2016

I donate 10 litres of breast milk a week

Breast milk is often the only thing a very sick or premature baby can tolerate. The thought of helping other tiny babies and their worried mums meant a lot to me

Ihave never breastfed any of my three daughters. When I had my first daughter, Mekayla, in South Africa 10 years ago, no one expected me to breastfeed, including my consultant, who said that using formula was just as good.

My attitude changed when I miscarried twins in 2012. Losing them was so hard and even though I know I couldn’t have done anything to prevent the miscarriage, it made me determined to do anything I could to help my children.

Related: Experience: I donated half my liver to my father

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الأربعاء، 2 نوفمبر 2016

French mothers don’t suffer from bladder incontinence. And nor should you | Gillian Harvey

Unlike Nadia Sawalha, I am a stranger to urinary accidents, even after four vaginal births – because I’ve had my pelvic floor electronically re-educated

This morning, my three-year-old daughter uttered seven words that fill many mothers with dread: “Mummy, can you come on the trampoline?”

As a mother of five children, having been through four vaginal births, an episiotomy, and natural twin labour (with one breech) – and having had more stitches than Frankenstein’s monster – I should be no stranger to the world of embarrassing leaks and incontinence pads. After all, an estimated one in three women suffer from bladder incontinence, a condition that can come about due to weakened pelvic floor muscles after childbirth.

Related: Incontinence: a common problem for female runners

Why in the UK are we encouraged by adverts to accept incontinence pads as inevitable?

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الجمعة، 28 أكتوبر 2016

NHS to offer safer Down's syndrome test to pregnant women

Non-invasive prenatal test allows screening without risk of miscarriage but critics fear it could lead to an increase in terminations

A safer test for Down’s syndrome that allows pregnant women to be screened without the risk of miscarriage is to be introduced on the NHS.

The non-invasive procedure will be launched in 2018, ministers told the Guardian, and will mean most women at higher risk of a Down’s baby will be able to avoid amniocentesis, which involves removing a tiny amount of fluid from the womb.

Related: I didn't get the prenatal tests for Down's syndrome. Here's why | Rachel Nolan

Related: Sorry, Sally Phillips, but a woman should be able to know if her unborn baby has Down’s syndrome | Hadley Freeman

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الخميس، 27 أكتوبر 2016

Maternity leave sackings cost £280m a year, says equality watchdog

Report makes financial case to retain female staff as data shows one in 10 who return to work are quickly forced out at huge extra cost to businesses

British businesses are losing hundreds of millions of pounds every year as a result of women being forced out of jobs after having a baby, a damning report from the equalities watchdog has revealed.

The costs of hiring and training new staff, redundancy payouts and lost productivity after women were pushed out of jobs amounted to £280m a year, according to the Equality and Human Rights Commission.

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الأربعاء، 26 أكتوبر 2016

E-baby review – an endearing but haphazard romp into the complex world of surrogacy

Ensemble theatre, Sydney
Written by a former Fairfax journalist, Jane Cafarella, the play mixes laugh-out-loud one-liners with flashes of true grief – but it only skims the surface

E-baby protagonist Nellie playfully likens her surrogacy to baking a cake. The couple paying her to carry their unborn child provided the ingredients and she is the oven, waiting for this small miracle to cook.

As in many moments in this new play that tugs resolutely at the heart, Nellie – a working-class, bountiful, magnanimous mother-of-two – has hit the nail on the head. Written by former Fairfax journalist Jane Cafarella, e-baby is an endearing romp into the complex world of surrogacy. It mixes laugh-out-loud one-liners and witty repertoire with flashes of true grief and pain.

Related: 'We felt cursed': how altruistic surrogacy can give hope after years of heartbreak

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الأحد، 23 أكتوبر 2016

Irish women need your help to change our abortion laws | Una Mullally

Every day Irish and Northern Irish women cross the sea to make the choice they’re not allowed at home

Amid all the talk of separation between the UK and its EU neighbours there is an opportunity to build a solidarity movement, at least between people in Britain and Ireland. Draconian laws that force women from both parts of Ireland to travel to Britain to access abortion have never received so much public attention as recently, and growing awareness in Britain is giving Irish women new hope.

The stories are heartbreaking: couples bringing the remains of foetuses with fatal abnormalities home through British airports in freezer bags because they couldn’t have a termination in an Irish hospital; the depravity of forcing a raped asylum seeker on hunger strike to continue a pregnancy she didn’t want; the brain-dead woman kept alive because she was pregnant; the young Northern Irish woman given a suspended sentence because she took abortion pills to end a pregnancy and her housemates told the police. There is no abortion in Ireland for rape, for incest, for fatal foetal abnormalities. Let’s be clear though, thousands of Irish women have abortions every year – they just don’t have them in Ireland. An Irish problem washes up on Britain’s shores.

Related: Abortion in Ireland: ‘Silence is breaking 12 hearts a day’

British people need to stomp on the streets and on the floors of parliament to help shame our government

Related: Spare us the sight of men discussing abortion – especially politicians | Emer O'Toole

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الجمعة، 21 أكتوبر 2016

Hounded for giving birth outside the system

Some women who opt for alternative births are being forced towards medical intervention or threatened with social services, yet they are doing nothing wrong

Sarah Holdway was sitting outside her Yorkshire home in July while her baby, Violet, slept. As her four older children picnicked beside her, two strangers approached. “The man said he was from Humberside police,” says Sarah, “and that this was a social worker and that we had been reported for child trafficking.”

Three months earlier, Sarah’s baby had been born in an unassisted birth – also known as a freebirth. After two homebirths attended by medical professionals, she planned for her third and fourth babies to be born without medical help. In England and Wales, there is no legal obligation to have medical care in pregnancy or childbirth, her midwife had been fully supportive of her decision, and both births went well. Pregnant for a fifth time, living in a new area, Sarah, 33, once again gave birth easily at home.

Related: Freebirthing: is giving birth without medical support safe?

Twice they waited outside and she heard them say, 'If you just let us in to see the baby, this will all go away.'

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الثلاثاء، 18 أكتوبر 2016

'Dangerous and unsafe' care driving midwives out of NHS

RCM survey reports inadequate staffing levels, bullying, poor working conditions and fears of making ‘tragic mistakes’

Inadequate staffing levels are driving midwives to leave the NHS, with some looking after as many as 15 mothers and babies at a time, a report has found.

The study of more than 2,700 midwives uncovered fears about making mistakes because they were working 12-hour shifts with no break.

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السبت، 15 أكتوبر 2016

Should I tell my estranged mum I’m pregnant? | Mariella Frostrup

A woman expecting her first child wonders whether to contact her mother, who has mental health problems. Mariella Frostrup says there may be benefits to doing so

The dilemma I’ve always had a difficult relationship with my mother. She has mental health problems, few friends and feuds with family members. She was physically abusive and mentally controlling when I was young. When I was 16 she pushed me out of a car because I was 10 minutes late to meet her. If things break she won’t get them fixed. Her washing machine broke 15 years ago and she has been hand washing ever since, resulting in RSI.

I went to university, got therapy and “moved on”, although I had self-esteem issues and an eating disorder as a teen. In my 20s I tried to have a relationship with her, but my tolerance for her obsessive behaviour has lowered. I met my husband four years ago and she took an angry dislike to him – since then our relationship has deteriorated. It’s been more than a year since we’ve been in contact.

Drop her a card and leave it to her to reply. If it comes with emotional tripwires step away

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Instagram-filtered images of celebrities ‘put pregnant women’s health at risk’

Photoshopped images and exercise myths leave mothers-to-be fearful and confused

Pregnant women are being bombarded on social media with Photoshopped images and dangerous myths about exercising in pregnancy, leaving many feeling fearful and confused, experts will warn at next weekend’s Baby Show in Olympia, west London.

The exhibition, billed as the biggest pregnancy and parenting event of the year, will feature speakers and gadgets aimed at helping pregnant women to exercise safely and get back into shape after birth.

Related: Scientists study link between unhealthy pregnancy diet and ADHD

Related: Should I take multivitamins during pregnancy?

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الأربعاء، 12 أكتوبر 2016

More babies face health risks due to obese parents, experts warn

Doctors say increasing number of babies worldwide face serious problems, such as brain damage, strokes and heart disease

A growing number of babies worldwide are at risk of brain damage or having a stroke, heart attack or asthma in adulthood because their mother was obese, health experts have warned.

Leading doctors said dangerously overweight mothers were passing on obesity to their children as the result of “a vicious cycle” in which excess weight can seriously affect the health of parents and their offspring.

Related: Junk food shortening lives of children worldwide, data shows

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Janet Jackson says ​she is pregnant with first child

Singer had earlier this year postponed Unbreakable tour, saying she and husband Wissam Al Mana were ‘planning our family’

Janet Jackson has confirmed she is pregnant with her first child at the age of 50. The American singer was rumoured to be expecting after postponing the second leg of her world tour earlier this year, telling her fans she was planning for a family.

She has now confirmed the news, telling US publication People: “We thank God for our blessing.” Jackson also showed off her baby bump in a picture for the magazine.

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الأحد، 9 أكتوبر 2016

Down’s syndrome and the threat of eugenics | Letters

Neither in Sally Phillips’ film, A World Without Down’s Syndrome, nor in your review by Julia Raeside (Last night’s TV: A documentary straight from the heart – and that’s the problem, 6 October) was there any reference to “eugenics”. Yet possibly still within living memory proponents of eugenics in America (and elsewhere) were advocating selective breeding to determine the future of society. It is worth noting that such ideas were grounded in the work of Francis Galton, who was a powerful influence on Cyril Burt, who in turn later developed the 11-plus exams. (His influence might be resurrected in the tests used to determine who is most fit for the new grammar schools we’re promised.)

Sally Phillips’ programme does, therefore, offer a timely reminder of the dangers of embarking on a determinist view of society and the risk that selective breeding is acceptable. As Phillips reported, there is a lot of pressure to avoid a potential “burden” as an outcome of the wrong sort of foetus. In America the eugenicists gathered data purporting to show which sectors of society were more (or less) fit for the future. Favoured solutions proposed to avoid a future populated by those deemed to be “unfit” for society included restrictions on immigration and enforced sterilisation. There is much in the history of that movement to warn us of the dangers of a determinist future. It is, therefore, right to have the questions raised: what kind of society do we want; and how kind do we want society to be?
Dr Simon Gibbs
Reader in educational psychology, University of Newcastle

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الجمعة، 7 أكتوبر 2016

Facing my fear: I wanted to have a baby. But as a trans man, I was terrified of labor | Trevor MacDonald

Would an event centered around parts of my body with which I felt extreme discomfort send me into a panic?

When I became pregnant, the reason was to start a family, not to somehow embrace femininity or to de-transition. I’m a transgender guy, born with typical female anatomy. I’d taken testosterone for a few years and then stopped in order to conceive. I’d also had chest surgery as part of my transition, so even as my belly grew, I sported a flat, masculine-appearing chest and I maintained my beard.

Related: Tell us about a time you faced your fear

Related: Breastfeeding as a trans dad: ‘A baby doesn’t know what your pronouns are’

Related: Facing my fear: I grew up in a broken home. I didn't want my kids to | Jaimie Seaton

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الخميس، 6 أكتوبر 2016

Sorry, Sally Phillips, but a woman should know if her unborn baby has Down’s | Hadley Freeman

A woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy is non-negotiable. Even if Phillips – someone I’ve long-admired – doesn’t like their reasons

I’ve always been a fan of Sally Phillips. I loved her as the chain-smoking feminist Shazza in Bridget Jones, of course, as well as the nightmare girlfriend from the past in Green Wing. But mainly I loved her for the 90s feminist sketch show Smack the Pony. Some women experience their feminist awakening when they read The Female Eunuch or Andrea Dworkin. For me, it came from Nora Ephron and Smack the Pony, in which Phillips, along with Fiona Allen and Doon Mackichan, gloriously satirised the rigid expectations placed on women, often by other women.

Which brings me to Phillips’ documentary, A World Without Down’s Syndrome?, which screened on Wednesday night on BBC2. There has been an enormous amount of publicity for this documentary, with praise for Phillips’ clearly heartfelt intentions. The actor has an adorable young son, Olly, who has Down’s, and one of her aims is to provide a counterbalance to the almost entirely negative depiction of Down’s in both society and the media. For this, she should be loudly applauded. True, her wholly positive depiction of her life with a child with Down’s is as partial as the wholly negative ones, not least because her son is relatively high-functioning and Phillips and her husband are able to afford help. Still, as I said, it’s a much-needed corrective, and hats off to her.

To argue for screening is not to argue, as Phillips suggests, that people with Down’s don’t have a right to life

Related: Sally Phillips: Do we really want a world without Down’s syndrome?

Related: Sally Phillips’s film on Down’s is ‘unhelpful’ for families, warns antenatal specialist

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الأربعاء، 5 أكتوبر 2016

Are you one of the growing number of people without children? Tell us why

Choice, circumstance, health and the perceived benefits all play a part in deciding whether to have children. We’d like you to share your experiences

The number of women in the UK and US not having children is at an all-time high. American women without children between the ages 15-44 increased from 35% in 1976 to 47% in 2010. We’d like you to share your reasons for not having children, and we’ll use a selection of experiences in our reporting.

Women in the UK born in 1984 had an average of 1.02 children by the time they were 30 years old, which is slightly fewer children than women born in 1969 who have on average 1.12 children by 30 years old. 18% of women born in 1969 remain without children, whereas only 11% of those born in 1944 were without children.

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الثلاثاء، 4 أكتوبر 2016

Westminster: wealth, opulence and socially isolated new mothers

In an area where wealth and poverty sit side by side, a maternity project is tackling loneliness and mental health problems

In a noisy community hall in London, mothers and toddlers sit in a circle shaking tambourines and singing. At first glance it’s just another infant music session, but looking around, a different picture emerges. Nearby a mother, a sleeping baby in her arms, chats quietly to an attentive volunteer known as a maternity champion, while another cheerfully hands out cups of tea to a couple of exhausted-looking women, that tell-tale sign of new motherhood.

The maternity champions project, run by Paddington Development Trust in partnership with the NCT, the UK’s largest parent charity, launched as a two-year pilot in 2014, funded by Westminster council’s public health team. Funding has recently been extended for a further two years and the aim is to roll out the concept nationally. The pilot is part of a wider programme of NCT peer support projects across the country, to provide support, link parents to antenatal and postnatal services, and reduce the social isolation many new mothers feel.

Related: Debt, homelessness, domestic violence: the GP practice acting as a one-stop shop

Related: 'Back on my feet': how artificial limbs can have a second life in Africa

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الأربعاء، 28 سبتمبر 2016

US teenage birth rates fall again but still among highest in developed world

  • US teen birth rate drops 8% to 22.3 births per 1,000 females
  • ‘We are still way up there in terms of teen pregnancy and births’

Teenage birth rates continue to fall in the US, though the country’s rate remains much higher than those in other developed countries, according to new data released on Wednesday.

In 2015, the teen birth rate dropped 8% from the previous year’s, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Related: Less sex please, we're millennials – study

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الثلاثاء، 27 سبتمبر 2016

Births led by midwives rather than doctors linked to greater risks – NZ study

Study of more than 200,000 births over five years in New Zealand, where midwives are the dominant care-givers, produced ‘unexpected’ results

The health outcomes for babies born in New Zealand where primary care is led by midwives are significantly worse when compared with care led by doctors, a major new study has found.

New Zealand and the Netherlands are the only two western countries to operate under a midwife-led birthing system. Midwives are the dominant care-giver for four out of five births in New Zealand – from pregnancy through to delivery and post-natal care.

Related: World's first baby born from new procedure using DNA of three people

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World's first baby born using three-parent IVF technique

Experts welcome news though concerns raised controversial procedure carried out in Mexico which is beyond regulations

The world’s first baby to be born from a new procedure that combines the DNA of three people appears to be healthy, according to doctors in the US who oversaw the treatment.

The baby was born on 6 April after his Jordanian parents travelled to Mexico where they were cared for by US fertility specialists.

Related: ‘Three-parent’ babies explained: what are the concerns and are they justified?

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السبت، 24 سبتمبر 2016

I’m pregnant and want this second baby – but not the man

A woman with an unplanned pregnancy says she is not sure about her relationship with the father. Mariella Frostrup questions how ‘unexpected’ the conception was

The dilemma I’m a 38-year-old single mother to a wonderful six-year-old girl. I was on my own for three years before meeting someone who I’ve since been seeing for eight months. Now I’ve found out that I’m pregnant – it was unplanned. I’m terrified this relationship isn’t stable enough to last raising a child. To make things worse, I had been contemplating ending it because, as kind, smart and lovely as he is, I’m not sure I enjoy his company enough. I dearly want another child – and a sibling for my daughter. I know my chances of conceiving are diminishing and if I met someone else it would take time to get to know them. Should I take this chance of having a baby and run with it?

Mariella replies I can’t dissuade you. Nor would I want to. The depth of your desire for a second child isn’t for me to gauge and so my opinion is irrelevant. If you’re ready and willing to do it again, there’s little I can say to convince you otherwise.

Teenagers and virgins can feign surprise. In maturity, unplanned pregnancy has less of an authentic ring to it

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الجمعة، 23 سبتمبر 2016

Experience: I didn’t know I was pregnant until I went into labour

I had aches and pains and felt tired all the time. Drinking made me sick. But the doctors couldn’t find anything wrong

I was 20 and working in a shop when, one Monday afternoon, I started getting stomach pains. I assumed it was to do with the medication I was on; about a year before, my periods had stopped and I had been in and out of hospital to find out the problem.

I’d had blood and urine tests and endless scans. I was told it could be endometriosis or cancer, or that I might never be able to have children. I’d had aches and pains, felt tired all the time and had stopped drinking because it made me sick. The doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with me.

Related: Experience: I had a 90-degree bend in my penis

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الخميس، 15 سبتمبر 2016

Women above 35 who give birth account for 40% of maternal deaths in Australia

The country has the second highest rate of births to older women among 14 developed countries and the highest rate of C-section births, study reveals

Of the Australian women who give birth, 23% are over 35 but these older mothers account for 40% of maternal deaths across the country, a study has revealed.

Australia has the second highest rate of births to older women among 14 developed countries – behind only Spain, where 35% are above that age – and the highest rate of caesarean section births, a study in the Lancet says.

Related: Maternal deaths worldwide drop by half, yet shocking disparities remain

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الأربعاء، 14 سبتمبر 2016

New Zealand's serious sperm shortage: 'It has become a continuous drought'

New legislation making donation less attractive and a rise in demand from women has resulted in a two-year wait for sperm

When New Zealander Kathryn Heape realised the fairy tale of marriage and kids was taking its sweet time she took out an insurance policy and applied for donated sperm.

“Since I was 10 years old, I just expected to have a baby when I grew up,” she says.

Like climate change, [the sperm drought] has become the new normal.

Related: What is it really like to live in New Zealand?

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الأحد، 11 سبتمبر 2016

Paralysed, pregnant Claire Lomas finishes Great North Run in five days

Wearing bionic suit, former event rider began half-marathon on Wednesday and finished Sunday to raise funds for charity

A paralysed pregnant woman wearing a bionic suit has completed the Great North Run five days after she started it.

Claire Lomas, from Leicestershire, was paralysed from the chest down in a riding accident in 2007, which left her with a fractured neck, dislocated back, fractured ribs, a punctured lung and pneumonia.

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السبت، 10 سبتمبر 2016

'We felt cursed': how altruistic surrogacy can give hope after years of heartbreak

Jessie Thomas says while she would recommend altruistic surrogacy to others, there should be room for some commercialisation of the industry

Giving back is something Jessie and Marty Thomas have done their fair share of. Between them they have volunteered at various roles within their children’s sporting clubs and school environments and they help out where they can in their community of Rockhampton in Queensland.

But it was a news segment Jessie saw in early 2015 about someone’s experience as a surrogate that led her to embark on one of the most selfless acts of all.

Related: Fertility expert attacks critics of 62-year-old first-time mother

It was our third second-trimester loss. We named them all – Pat, Pip and Rose.

Related: All surrogacy is exploitation – the world should follow Sweden’s ban | Kajsa Ekis Ekman

As it’s such an emotional issue, people are very private.

Related: Cambodia proves fertile ground for foreign surrogacy after Thailand ban | Sarah Haaij

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الجمعة، 9 سبتمبر 2016

IVF isn’t working – should I leave my girlfriend to pursue a ‘perfect fantasy’ family?

We are keen to marry but having my own biological children is very important to me. Maybe I should save us both time and move on

My girlfriend and I have been dating for eight months and enjoy a good emotional, intellectual and physical connection. She is 40 and I am 38, and we are keen to marry and start a family. We have started IVF after failing to conceive the natural way. The early medical signs are not encouraging, though, and we may not be able to have children of our own. It is possible that having my own biological children is non-negotiable for me. My girlfriend feels very upset when I express these fears, and feels that I am making a commitment conditional on her bearing my children when it should be about us wanting to be together. I don’t know whether to move ahead or whether to save us both time and take a chance that I could have my “perfect fantasy” family with someone else.

• When leaving a message on this page, please be sensitive to the fact that you are responding to a real person in the grip of a real-life dilemma, who wrote to Private Lives asking for help, and may well view your comments here. Please consider especially how your words or the tone of your message could be perceived by someone in this situation, and be aware that comments that appear to be disruptive or disrespectful to the individual concerned will be removed.

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الأربعاء، 7 سبتمبر 2016

We should not rely on Nicola Sturgeon to break the silence around miscarriage

We are lucky to have women like her speaking out, but we need to challenge the stigma around miscarriage as a society – after all, one in six known pregnancies ends in one

Last Saturday, the Times teased an extract from Nicola Sturgeon’s new book which its sister title the Sunday Times was running the next day, promising that it would “reveal a tantalising secret about her private life”. This “tantalising secret”, it emerged, was the fact that Scottish first minister Sturgeon had experienced a miscarriage in 2011.

To describe a miscarriage in this way is sensationalist and insensitive, but it is also unsurprising: the story is “tantalising” to a press with a deeply gendered view of political women, and had remained a “secret” as a result of the ongoing stigma around miscarriage.

Related: Sunday Times criticised for portrayal of female politicians without children

The subject is so rarely discussed that many people are unaware just how common miscarriage is

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الثلاثاء، 6 سبتمبر 2016

Twins delivered at 37 weeks most likely to survive – study

Review of 35,000 births concludes that delivery earlier than 36 weeks is not supported by evidence, while waiting until 38 weeks increases rate of stillbirth

Twins should be delivered at 37 weeks – short of full term but not too short – for the best chance at survival, according to a study that analysed more than 35,000 births.

The evidence did not support routine delivery before 36 weeks from the date of fertilisation, said research published in the BMJ medical journal.

Related: Babies born by caesarean more likely to be obese as adults, study suggests

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Babies born by caesarean more likely to be obese as adults, study suggests

The way we are born may have a lasting impact on health, possibly because babies born by C-section miss out on exposure to vital bacteria in the birth canal

Babies born by caesarean section are more likely to be obese as adults, according to a study that suggests the way we are born could have a lasting impact on health.

Birth by caesarean was linked to a 15% higher risk of obesity in children compared with vaginal birth.

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الخميس، 1 سبتمبر 2016

Prevenge review – a mother of a serial-killer film

Sightseers’ Alice Lowe writes, directs and stars in this grisly revenge fantasy, as a woman who believes her unborn child is telling her to kill people

For her writing-directing debut, showing here in Venice in the Critics’ Week sidebar, Alice Lowe returns to the grisly territory of Sightseers, the black comedy she made with Steve Oram for director Ben Wheatley. Only this is a more macabre and explicitly violent serial-killer movie, with a fainter tint of queasy humour. It provides a nightmarish satirical twist on post- and antenatal depression: its tone is bizarre, its pace a remorseless, heavy tread.

Related: On my radar: Alice Lowe’s cultural highlights

Related: Alice Lowe: ‘I don’t mind being the evil weirdo who murders people’

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الأربعاء، 31 أغسطس 2016

Legal costs are barrier to rights for mothers | Letters

Maria Miller’s report is to be welcomed (MPs urge action to fight ‘shocking’ bias against mothers, 31 August). However, there is little point in creating new rights until there is proper funding of Citizens Advice bureaux, law centres and other voluntary agencies to enforce those rights. Rebecca Raven was assisted by her union in her unfair dismissal case. A large section of female workers are not unionised and have to represent themselves.

High tribunal fees, complex legal issues and aggressive correspondence from the legally represented employer deter the vast majority from pursuing their claims. Until this is recognised, the “shocking bias” will continue unchecked.
Andrew Hillier QC
South West London Law Centres

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'Typically short sighted': readers on discrimination against expectant and new mothers

Guardian readers have been discussing a call for better job protection for new and expecting mothers. Here are are some of their comments

MPs are demanding urgent government action to tackle a “shocking and unacceptable” rise in workplace discrimination in the UK against expectant and new mothers over the last decade.

Related: Workplace discrimination: when a pregnant pause becomes more long-term

This is, sadly, really necessary. I was discriminated against when I returned to work after my first child and made redundant while eight months pregnant with my second. This is despite glowing reviews all the way to the end. My job was given to the man who covered my maternity but who I had to clear up after (acknowledged all the way up to directors) as he messed up a lot of senior client relationships while covering my job. I could have fought my redundancy so the man was made redundant, not me, especially as my job still existed, his didn't, but at that point I'd lost the will to fight. Of course, I couldn't look for work straight away so now have a gap in my cv which is impossible to miss. I have a new job now but in a much smaller firm with fewer prospects (and lower pay). And my case is not unique.

Terrible, but not unusual. When I returned to my well-paid, senior job after taking four months maternity leave my role had been "re-structured". I was devastated, especially as I had a dreadful delivery and was still recovering. I had no choice but to return to work and I had actually been looking forward to it as I liked my job. After that, I stuck it out for a year and then did a sideways move to get the hell out of there. I'm now in a very senior management position at another workplace, but I know that it has taken me longer to get here as a result of that demotion, in effect. I look back, four years later, and wonder why the hell I didn't fight and seek legal advice. However, as you alluded to, being a new mother is one of the most stressful experiences and I just wasn't up to it. Hope all works out for you.

Typical short-sighted behaviour of the side of employers, similar to training new generations of staff. Someone needs to give birth and train your potential future employees. I suppose this doesn't matter much if you run a cutthroat, cowboy business without a future.

Stunning how many comments arguing against maternity pay are from people who very clearly don't know how maternity pay works. Most of it is reclaimed by the company, and in some cases the amount reclaimed includes the company admin costs. The company is NOT asked to keep paying a pregnant employee their full salary while they are on maternity leave! I do wish people would get their facts right before making a comment.

I've presently got one member of staff who is suffering horrendously with morning sickness, she has been working from home when she can for three weeks, and has been doing a fine job. At the other end, our loyalty will get repaid, and the other women in the office will again see how well they are treated, meaning we are more likely to retain them.
We did recently have a lady, who we offered a job to, who was due to start next month. She called us to say she was three months pregnant (not disclosed at interview), and as such would need to move on to the company medical scheme immediately, rather than the standard six month waiting period. We refused her request, so she isn't joining, but she clearly felt quite aggrieved at this.
Whilst I'm sure she has the right not tell us she was pregnant at interview, that is quite a different circumstance for the employer than it being an existing employee, and if I'm honest, had I known, I wouldn't have offered the job to her.

Employers have virtual impunity here. They act safe in the knowledge that most of those who suffer a loss at their hands cannot afford the tribunal fees introduced by the coalition government of £1,200 just to get to a hearing (previously it was free).

Even those that manage to overcome this financial obstacle, will discover that compensation awards are restrictive and fixed by statute. Those who succeed at a full hearing of the tribunal are not entitled to claim the costs of legal representation from their employers, so the solicitor and potentially barrister is to be paid out of any compensatory award given.

These articles should give more detail on how maternity pay works, how much, who pays etc.

The Govt website seems to say that employers can claim between 92 and 103% of the money back.

Why don't they make both paternity and maternity compulsory? For several months at least Then in one stroke you remove a huge chunk of the gender-based discrimination in hiring that women face and fathers get a bigger role in the child's upbringing.

Then down the road senior management (mostly male) won't begrudge women taking time of work as they'll have been forced to do so themselves at some point.

As someone who is seven months pregnant, I can assure you I am far less productive than I was. I am slower around the office, unwilling to do somethings I did before (like climb ladders to get down stock), take more time off. Above all, I am far less focused on work and far more focused on my new (and first) baby to come. I intend taking a far bit of time off work as well when the baby comes and I am not that interested in the marketing plan for next year, leaving that to my business and life partner, my husband.

Not every woman is the same but to pretend that pregnancy and then raising children does not effect your productivity is a triumph of ideology over reality

My wife was made redundant 4 months ago when she was 6 months pregnant. The company she worked for went into administration and then liquidated the shell company, mainly so they could close their last uk factory without having to pay any redundancy to the 350+ workers there. Every other member of staff was kept and transferred to a new shell. However, they took the opportunity to also get rid of the two pregnant women in their head office to avoid paying them any of their benefit entitlements. The cheeky fuckers then told my wife they would take her back on once she was ready to come back to work! Without paying her any of her owed money, obviously.

I was discriminated against from the moment I took a few hours off to go for the 12 week scan. My line manager recorded all anti-natal appointments under holiday leave and I was threatened with demotion if I carried on taking 'unnecessary' time off. I only managed to keep my job by contacting my Union who accompanied me to meetings with my line manager (she was Head of Human Resources and should have had a better understanding of the law). The stress was unbearable. After maternity leave they contacted me to tell me my job was no longer available (it had been given to the person who was covering for me) but that I had been moved to another position with a lower job grade. I could have gone to tribunal as my previous job was still there but I couldn't face it, it's the last thing you need when you're a new parent and I wanted to enjoy my son's early years without all that stress hanging over me so I resigned and started my own company.

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Maternity rights are not an optional extra | Rebecca Schiller

I, like many other women, have had problems at work due to pregnancy – and those in precarious economic situations face potentially much worse outcomes

The fact that three-quarters of women experience a negative or discriminatory effect of their pregnancy at work, as a report from the women and equalities select committee shows, isn’t a huge surprise to me.

Seven years ago I was pregnant for the first time and emailed my employer’s human resources department to ask whether I would accrue bank holidays during my maternity leave. It’s not a life-shatteringly interesting question, but something I felt I needed to know to consider how long I could afford to be at home with my newborn. Instead of clarification I received a sharp email instructing me that maternity leave was intended to be for “recuperating from childbirth and spending time with my baby”. It was not a way of greedily storing up holiday. Chastened and naive, I didn’t ask again. Those bank holidays I was indeed entitled to disappeared into the ether, and I didn’t go back to that job.

Related: Rise in women facing discrimination on taking maternity leave

Related: When I went on maternity leave, my employers made me feel invisible | Anonymous

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US teen pregnancy rate drops to record low due to 'increased contraceptive use'

New analysis finds percentage of sexually active teens who used some form of birth control the last time they had sex increased significantly from 2007 to 2012

A precipitous drop in the US teenage pregnancy rate to record lows was driven by improved use of contraception, a new analysis from the Guttmacher Institute found.

“There was no significant change in adolescent sexual activity during this time period,” Dr Laura Lindberg, a principal research scientist with the Guttmacher Institute and the paper’s lead author, said in a statement. “Rather, our new data suggest that recent declines in teens’ risk of pregnancy – and in their pregnancy rates – are driven by increased contraceptive use.”

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الثلاثاء، 30 أغسطس 2016

MPs urge better job protection for expectant and new mothers

Call for German-style system to reduce ‘shocking’ discrimination, particularly against women in casual work in UK

MPs are demanding urgent government action to tackle a “shocking and unacceptable” rise in workplace discrimination in the UK against expectant and new mothers over the last decade.

A report published by the women and equalities select committee called for Britain to put in place protection similar to that in Germany, where pregnant women can only be made redundant in certain circumstances.

Related: Workplace discrimination: when a pregnant pause becomes more long-term

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الخميس، 25 أغسطس 2016

Girls exposed to 'electronic babies' more likely to become pregnant, study finds

More girls in Australian study who used the dolls – designed to prevent teenage pregnancy – became pregnant than those who did not

Young girls exposed to electronic babies – designed to simulate the real experience of having a baby and discourage teenage pregnancy – were more likely to get pregnant, a study of Australian schools has found.

The landmark study, published in the Lancet, found that 17% of girls who used the dolls had become pregnant by the age of 20, compared with 11% of those who did not.

Related: How the UK halved its teenage pregnancy rate

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الثلاثاء، 23 أغسطس 2016

How did your working life change after childbirth?

New research shows women still earn 18% less than men – with the disparity widening markedly after having children. Share your experiences

We’ve come a long way in terms of the gender pay gap, but new research shows women still earn 18% less than men on average.

The gap, down from 23% in 2003 and 28% in 1993, has been highlighted by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). It also notes that the difference in pay widens markedly after childbirth (a 30% gap 10 years after giving birth) – with concerns being that women then miss out on pay rises and promotions. It’s a notion supported by a separate report on Tuesday which found male managers are 40% more likely to be promoted than female ones.

Related: Women in UK still far adrift on salary and promotion as gender pay gap remains a gulf

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الأحد، 21 أغسطس 2016

Rise in women facing discrimination on taking maternity leave

Citizens Advice records nearly 60% rise in women reporting maternity leave issues including roles being changed and hours reduced

New mothers are facing increasing discrimination when they take maternity leave including being made redundant and switched to zero-hours contracts.

Citizens Advice has recorded a nearly 60% rise in the number of women seeking advice about maternity leave issues this year. Just over 3,300 came to the charity with such issues in the year to June compared to 2,099 last year.

Related: ‘When I go to work, my babies are with a man who loves them as much as I do’

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السبت، 20 أغسطس 2016

Texas has highest maternal mortality rate in developed world, study finds

As the Republican-led state legislature has slashed funding to reproductive healthcare clinics, the maternal mortality rate doubled over just a two-year period

The rate of Texas women who died from complications related to their pregnancy doubled from 2010 to 2014, a new study has found, for an estimated maternal mortality rate that is unmatched in any other state and the rest of the developed world.

The finding comes from a report, appearing in the September issue of the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology, that the maternal mortality rate in the United States increased between 2000 and 2014, even while the rest of the world succeeded in reducing its rate. Excluding California, where maternal mortality declined, and Texas, where it surged, the estimated number of maternal deaths per 100,000 births rose to 23.8 in 2014 from 18.8 in 2000 – or about 27%.

Related: The biggest US city without an abortion clinic: El Paso's sole facility faces closure

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الجمعة، 19 أغسطس 2016

Pregnancy and mental health: the hidden pain of giving birth

The range of mental health problems experienced around pregnancy and childbirth is vast and often isn’t spoken about. Here, we share your stories

Magda, a 29-year-old software developer, regularly fends off questions about when she will have her first child. Coming from a close-knit family and having been with her boyfriend for a decade, the topic is brought up regularly. But Magda grimaces in response, only to be told: “Don’t leave it too late.”

For Magda, the question of when she wants to have a child is complex. There is a serious history of depression and psychosis in her family on both sides. In fact, her mother was sectioned for a long time after giving birth to her.

A lot of times my days are coping minute to minute. I don’t know if that puts me in a good position to raise a child

When it comes to having children I have two thoughts. One, genetically I don’t like the idea of gambling and seeing whether I pass it on... Second, should that child not have to deal with that, they will have to deal with me as their father and a lot of times my days are coping minute to minute. I don’t know if that puts me in a good position to raise a child in the best way.

Giving birth was much more painful and difficult than I ever imagined it would be

I have been told that I may need medication for life to treat my anxiety and depression. When I decided to have a baby, my main fear was that the drugs would be dangerous and I’d have to come off them. I was scared of falling ill, which had happened when I came off medication before – when I was at my worst I had extreme panic attacks about 10 times a day.

My dad, who is a doctor, assured me that citalopram is generally considered OK during pregnancy. But babies born to depressed mothers can have worse growth and general health.

I have borderline personality disorder and a social anxiety disorder. I stopped taking my medication (Escitalopram) when I was pregnant because I was worried about the health of my baby. Some doctors thought it was better I stay on the drug, while others disagreed, and because of this varying advice I stopped. However, coming off it caused me a lot of problems. I started self-harming, for example, and worried about everything. I ended up hiding in my house, which meant I couldn’t go back to work. With borderline personality disorder I can go very quickly from being level-headed to mentally unstable. Being pregnant made it harder to cope with this. I didn’t feel like my body was my own. I couldn’t harm myself physically to rid my mind of distressing thoughts.

I was referred to a mental health assessment team and put back on medication on a low dosage. I had one visit with the assessment team but found the nurse dismissive and unhelpful. They didn’t realise I’d had past mental health problems and were treating me as if I had just turned up with thoughts of harming myself. Once I explained to them that I presented before pregnancy I hoped they’d adjust their attitude towards me, perhaps offer more contact, but they didn’t.

I started to have horrible thoughts about my baby – thinking I had made a terrible mistake and wanted to get rid of it

I have never experienced mental health issues other than while I was pregnant. When I was around eight weeks, I started to feel upset. The baby hadn’t been planned, but I was ecstatic at first. However, depression soon took over. As the weeks went on it got worse – I hated people talking about the pregnancy and wanted to pretend it wasn’t happening. I started to have horrible thoughts about my baby – thinking I had made a terrible mistake and wanted to get rid of it. Bizarrely, I also decided that when the baby was born, I would swap it with another child in the hospital, and at least then they wouldn’t be my responsibility any more.

Fortunately by the time I was heavily pregnant, I didn’t feel negatively any more. I only felt sad that this thinking had ruined my early pregnancy for me. I now have a huge amount of sympathy for anyone who experiences depression.

I finally admitted to myself that I was seriously ill after weeks of considering throwing myself under the train

I finally admitted to myself that I was seriously ill after weeks of considering throwing myself under the train on my way to work, followed by weeks of not being able to get out of bed. I lacked the motivation to do anything: get dressed, wash my hair, let alone make any preparation for a new baby. There is a hormonal trigger to perinatal depression and the more the pregnancy progresses the greater the influence of hormones.

Looking back on it it would have been better for me to have someone to talk to [after the miscarriage] and maybe drop the stigma that men have to be strong and carry everyone around them, because something like losing a child does affect us just as much emotionally.

I’m pregnant for the second time. My husband and I lost our first child when I had a miscarriage in my first trimester. It’s not something you get over. People around you think that it’s all about getting pregnant, but the waiting for the arrival of a healthy baby now is worse than any treatment. I suffer from crippling anxiety – crying at random times, waking up from nightmares. I can’t talk about being pregnant and am still trying to hide it at almost 20 weeks.

I wish that I could be offered some counselling. My partner and I received no support whatsoever from the NHS after the D&C [a surgical procedure often performed after a first-trimester miscarriage]. Only now, from reading the Miscarriage Association’s literature am I beginning to understand that the anxiety we are going through is common.

I had my daughter a few years ago and read all the information I could get my hands on. After a difficult birth I eventually delivered my baby. I was exhausted (it took 48 hours in total) and shell-shocked. We stayed in hospital for a few days while trying to get my daughter to breastfeed. I was struggling so much with this that I refused to have any visitors as I didn’t want anyone to think I couldn’t cope. In the end I gave up so that we could all just go home. Luckily bottle feeding didn’t affect bonding with my baby.

However, my partner didn’t cope well at all. From seeing me in so much pain and out of control, he tried to take on far too much so that I could recover. His mental health spiralled as a result to the point where he couldn’t look at our baby. He couldn’t handle her crying and one day I found him crouched in a corner rocking. I got him to see a counsellor and the doctor advised that he would recover better if he moved out for a while. He went to live with his parents and we would visit, but he couldn’t cope with the guilt of leaving us.

I’d already had a baby and enjoyed being a mum, so when I fell pregnant again I never expected to experience postnatal depression.It was four months before I plucked up the courage to go and see the doctor. I kept telling myself to keep going, and that I could be a perfect mum like the ones you see plastered all over social media. Now I realise that it’s not real. To me, during the dark days that perfect picture wasn’t my life but boy did I try to achieve it. I was really struggling and I told no one. Admitting weakness was like putting my hand up and saying: “Look at me, the bad mum over here.”

The day I told my sister and my mum I was at my wits’ end. I cried the whole time. I paced the length of my house for half an hour before I finally made the call to my family. After that I went to the doctor. I thought he was going to laugh and tell me to just get on with it like every other mum, but he didn’t. He told me that this would be the last time I would feel this way and that every day, from today, I would start to feel better. Most importantly he made me realise for the first time in four months that I wasn’t a failing mother-of-two. I’d managed to keep my head above water through one of the most challenging times of my life.

I completely lost touch with reality and was convinced my phone was communicating with me in code

I started to get hyper-manic and the effect that had, in terms of behaviour, meant that I would be wide awake all night. My mind would be racing and I was really driven to do things, for example I would reorganise the kitchen cupboard at 3am to 4am in the morning. I also wrote lists compulsively and used hand gestures, which I don’t normally do … then after that I became psychotic. I completely lost touch with reality and was convinced my phone was communicating with me in code. I thought it might be my father who had died three years previously. I thought I would just will with my mind ordering a pizza and it would be delivered to the door.

My wife and I experienced the stillbirth of our first child, Andrew. It was very sudden, my wife noticed a lack of movement and we went to hospital. We saw a classic scan, but this time with no heartbeat. I carry the image with me to this day. The following days and weeks were traumatic. We were told that the chances of a future successful pregnancy were higher if my wife delivered Andrew naturally, so labour was induced gently. We then went to a dedicated maternity suite (where we were handled with exceptional care and attention by all staff). The delivery was normal, except that Andrew was not alive.

Following the stillbirth, I experienced post-traumatic stress disorder for which I have since received cognitive behavioural therapy. I had flash-backs of the traumatic delivery and the events immediately before and after, including my son’s funeral. I also suffered from an intense anxiety as we went through four more pregnancies – two ended in miscarriage and two ended inthe births of two wonderful boys. We constantly wondered about miscarriage, stillbirth and the chances of a good outcome. The mental health problems affected my work – I was constantly on high alert.

On the whole the NHS was marvellous. Their care when we lost Andrew was excellent in the circumstances

I had a traumatic first birth and my baby was in neonatal care, which left me struggling with what I know now to be PTSD and perinatal anxiety. I didn’t understand what was happening, so tried to carry on as normal. I became pregnant again 14 months later by accident and really suffered. I believed I would die, writing letters to all my family and counting down the days until I would leave this world. I had awful anxiety, flashbacks and was terrified all the time. I didn’t trust healthcare professionals, hated going to the hospital for appointments and didn’t know who I could approach for help. I became a shell, empty and full of fear.

I wish that my traumatic birth had been acknowledged and that I had been asked how I was coping in my next pregnancy. I wish that there had been counselling, more information around having a difficult birth. I wish I’d just been asked how I was, not physically but mentally. I wish there had been continuity of care so that I had someone I trusted care for me. It took me 15 years to get a correct diagnosis after the second birth and even then there was no specialist treatment support available.

I was diagnosed with OCD following the birth of my first child. I was experiencing intrusive thoughts about my son coming to harm (and that I might actually be the one to harm him). I have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes throughout my life.This and the severe anxiety I was experiencing led me to spend a lot of my maternity leave sitting at home, waiting for something terrible to happen.

My midwife noticed during my pregnancy that I was feeling anxious and referred me to a mental health clinic at the local women’s hospital. I continued to attend there after my pregnancy and, as things spiralled out of control, I was prescribed antidepressants and given a place in a group therapy session. I was admitted to hospital – in a dedicated mother and baby unit – for two months as things failed to improve.

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الخميس، 18 أغسطس 2016

Cambodia proves fertile ground for foreign surrogacy after Thailand ban | Sarah Haaij

Surrogacy agencies outlawed in Thailand, India and Nepal have upped sticks for Cambodia, where the practice remains unregulated

After a long day of selling snacks at her son’s primary school, Kew, who is seven months pregnant, squats on the Bangkok pavement to take a rest. The single mother has no idea whose baby she is carrying, or where its future parents live. She says it makes no difference to her.

“The first time I did surrogacy, I discovered that the baby was for a Spanish couple. Two gay men,” she says. “For me it’s all the same, as long as I get paid.”

Related: Outsourcing pregnancy: a visit to India's surrogacy clinics | Julie Bindel

After they left I cried for three days straight … I miss this little girl like she is my own

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الأربعاء، 17 أغسطس 2016

Scientists study link between unhealthy pregnancy diet and ADHD

Experts examine how a diet high in fat and sugar could alter baby’s DNA in a way that might cause behavioural problems

A diet high in fat and sugar during pregnancy may be linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with behavioural problems early in life, experts have found.

Related: Pregnancy food: what you eat can affect your child for life

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الخميس، 11 أغسطس 2016

'A baby made his first sound on the 106 bus': readers share amazing birth stories | Guardian readers and Sarah Marsh

Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools let their eldest daughters watch the birth of their sibling this week. You told us about the births you’ve witnessed

Jamie Oliver’s eldest children witnessed their mother, Jools, give birth this week. It prompted us to ask readers whether they have been present at the birth of someone else’s baby. From a birth on the 106 bus to helping deliver a neighbour’s baby, here are your stories.

Related: Giving birth the Jools Oliver way – letting the kids watch

Related: How many people should watch you give birth? The crowdbirthing conundrum | Nicola Goodall

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الاثنين، 8 أغسطس 2016

I’m treating pregnant women with Zika and this is what it’s like | Christine Curry

Some women decide on termination. Others carry on, despite the risks. With so much about the virus still unknown, it’s a journey for both staff and patients

As a medical student, I remember reading books about the early days of the HIV epidemic and wondering what it was like for doctors to take care of patients who had a new, unknown disease. It seemed to me like it would be frightening for both patients and doctors alike. I didn’t expect that early in my career as an OB-GYN, I would be caught in the middle of another new disease outbreak – Zika.

Most people who catch this virus feel fine. Some will end up with a fever, rash, aches and pains and red eyes (conjunctivitis), or rarely, a serious nerve disorder called Guillain-Barre. But in pregnancy there can be very serious consequences for the baby. As of July 28, the World Health Organization reports that nearly 2,000 babies worldwide are affected with microcephaly or central nervous system malformations associated with Zika.

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الأربعاء، 3 أغسطس 2016

Fertility expert attacks critics of 62-year-old first-time mother

Woman labelled a burden on taxpayers by head of Australian Medical Association, but defended by president of Fertility Society

The president of the Fertility Society of Australia, Prof Michael Chapman, has attacked criticism of a 62-year-old Tasmanian woman who has become Australia’s oldest first-time mother.

The woman, who does not wish to be identified, received IVF overseas where she was implanted with a fertilised donor embryo. The woman gave birth via a caesarean section at 34 weeks pregnant at the Frances Perry private hospital in Melbourne on Monday, supported by her 78-year-old partner.

Related: Parents likely to block girlfriend’s attempt to access sperm from dead son

I can see many situations that might have driven her to this.

Related: Women's fertility underestimated by 68% in 'highly inaccurate' hormone test

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السبت، 30 يوليو 2016

Pregnant women told to delay Florida travel over Zika virus fears

Public Health England updates travel advice after first cases of mosquito-borne disease are transmitted on US mainland

Pregnant women are being advised to postpone non-essential trips to Florida because of the Zika virus.

Public Health England updated its travel advice after the first cases of Zika transmitted by mosquitoes on the US mainland appeared in the state.

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الاثنين، 25 يوليو 2016

Raw eggs safe for pregnant women in UK, say food safety experts

Food Standards Agency to reconsider its advice as risk from salmonella has dropped significantly in last 15 years

Raw eggs are safe for pregnant women to eat, a safety committee has recommended.

A report from the Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food states there is “very low” risk of salmonella from UK eggs produced under the Lion code.

Related: Should you eat eggs when pregnant?

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الجمعة، 22 يوليو 2016

If we reverse the menopause, where will motherhood end? | Keren Levy

Scientists say they can rejuvenate ovaries. I’m surprised by how this prospect makes me nostalgic for the sense of an ending, the ‘natural order of things’

The term menopause derives from the Ancient Greek menos meaning month and pausis meaning a cessation. It is strangely fitting then, that it should be from a Greek research team that the news came this week of a new treatment that might reverse the process.

As a single woman in her 40s who would have loved to become a mother, I wrestled for a long time with the question of exactly when it is too late even to consider the possibility of pregnancy and of having my own child.

The removal of a limit can characterise medicine at its best, and at its most disconcerting

Related: What science doesn’t know about the menopause: what it’s for and how to treat it | Rose George

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الثلاثاء، 19 يوليو 2016

Women the decision-makers when starting a family, study finds

Australian study also finds traditional gender roles prevalent, and each additional $1,000 earned by a woman’s partner increases her pregnancy probability by 1.5%

Women appear to be the decision-makers when it comes to starting a family, with a new report finding a strong correlation between a woman’s relationship satisfaction and financial security and the likelihood of pregnancy and no noticeable correlation to how a man feels and his likelihood of having children.

However the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, or Hilda report, released on Wednesday, did find a strong relationship between a man’s wage and the likelihood his partner would get pregnant, with each additional $1,000 earned by a woman’s partner increasing her pregnancy probability by 1.5%.

Related: Fewer than half of all Australians could be homeowners by 2017, report finds

Related: Maternity leave discrimination: five women tell their stories

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الاثنين، 18 يوليو 2016

Pregnancy and depression: share your experiences | Sarah Marsh

Have you had postnatal depression? Or are you holding back from having a child due to concerns about mental health? We want to hear your story

Pregnancy is a time of great joy, but it is also be a time of volatile emotions which can lead to mental health problems.

Figures show that one in five women suffer from depression, anxiety or post-birth psychosis during pregnancy or a year after giving birth.

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الأحد، 17 يوليو 2016

Should I take multivitamins during pregnancy?

Some brands of multivitamins claim to provide mothers-to-be with the maximum nutritional support needed for a baby, but at high prices. However, evidence doesn’t support their claims, or the prices they charge

It’s the winner of pregnancy product of the year for Boots, so it has to be something that’s great for pregnant women, right? Pregnacare Max, according to the Boots website, is “the ultimate formula” for mums-to-be. It includes not only folic acid and vitamin D at amounts recommended by the Department of Health, but also zinc, magnesium, niacin, vitamins B6, B12 and C, iron and a host of other vitamins and minerals. All for £19.99 for a 42-day supply. So is that the price a mother has to pay for the health of her and her newborn?

Well, according to a review of vitamin supplements in pregnancy in the latest Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, the true price may be less. The article said: “For most women who are planning to become pregnant or who are pregnant, complex multivitamin and mineral preparations promoted for use during pregnancy are unlikely to be needed and are an unnecessary expense.”

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السبت، 16 يوليو 2016

'There was no child, I told myself': life and marriage after miscarriage

She knew many pregnancies ended this way. So why did her miscarriage make one mother feel so alone?

My husband and I were married on a cold, overcast afternoon the day before New Year’s Eve. Neither of us had imagined having a winter wedding, but we needed to marry by January in order to be posted together for our next assignment. We both work as diplomats, our lives divided into chunks of time separated by tours abroad.

The timing of the wedding was not a drastic change of plans; we had decided to marry within months of our first meeting. We were like two lumbering comets destined for one another all those years but stuck in the stillness of space – parties, other relationships, the passing of loved ones, bad jobs, all the experiences in between – before the romantic collision that was our first hello in 2010. “Today I met the boy I’m going to marry,” I confided (and almost sang) to a friend over the phone. “And if it doesn’t work out, don’t ever bring this up again.”

I paced in the only way a woman in the 21st century can: Googling every article ever written on miscarriage

I sent my pain into cyberspace. Hundreds of women answered. I had become a “member of a club” of which I wanted no part

Related: 'Don't push down your grief': our readers describe the pain of miscarriage | Guardian readers and Sarah Marsh

I went back to work. I told the truth to people who asked, mostly because honesty took less effort

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الجمعة، 15 يوليو 2016

Able semen: sperm has a shelf life too (even if Mick Jagger is still going strong)

The rapid decline in women’s fertility as they age is well known – but what about men and their sperm? Read the fine print and the answer becomes less clear

Some weeks ago, a sperm cell (let’s call this little guy Vince) fused with an egg and resulted in a pregnancy. What makes Vince a newsworthy sperm cell is that he came from a 72-year-old penis. And not just any old 72-year-old penis, but the one attached to Mick Jagger, frontman of the Rolling Stones.

I suspect that, like me, women the world over are frowning at their screens as they hear news of heroic lil’ Vince and the 29-year-old ballerina he impregnated. Because if this headline were about Cher getting ready for a fresh round of diapers, the reaction would range from disbelief to disgust – and Cher is two years younger than Mick.

A woman’s best reproductive years are in her 20s. Fertility gradually declines in the 30s, particularly after age 35. Each month that she tries, a healthy, fertile 30-year-old woman has a 20% chance of getting pregnant … By age 40, a woman’s chance is less than 5% per cycle, so fewer than 5 out of every 100 women are expected to be successful each month.

Unlike the early fertility decline seen in women, a man’s decrease in sperm characteristics occurs much later. Sperm quality deteriorates somewhat as men get older, but it generally does not become a problem before a man is in his 60s.

About 77% of sperm are viable. But this sketch also shows what happens when an average man comes - each one of these little guys represents a million sperm. A typical ejaculation is 2.8ml and each ml contains 48 million sperm. Source: Semen analysis, Journal of Fertility and Sterility, June 1974 #datasketch #sperm

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Meet the mums in their 40s: four stories of having a baby later in life

The fertility rate is now higher among over-40s than under-20s for first time since 1947. But what’s it like to have your first child at this age?

New figures from the Office for National Statistics show that the fertility rate of women aged 40 and above has surpassed that of women aged under 20 for the first time since 1947.

The fertility rate of those in their fifth decade and over has now more than trebled since 1981.

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الخميس، 14 يوليو 2016

Japan's $1m fertility gambit to help women become mothers

With the country’s population in decline, one city plans to spend 90m yen to preserve women’s eggs for future use

Iwaho Kikuchi will measure his success in the number of babies born in his city. Not this year, or next year necessarily, but in 10 or even 20 years’ time.

Kikuchi is the doctor in charge of a groundbreaking fertility initiative in Japan, in which public money will be used to pay for women to freeze eggs for use later in their life.

Related: Japan's population declines for first time since 1920s – official census

Related: Fed up with all the dreadful news out there? Then click here

Related: Why have young people in Japan stopped having sex?

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الأربعاء، 13 يوليو 2016

Fertility rate higher among over-40s than under-20s for first time since 1947

Rate has more than trebled in over-40s since 1981, and average age of women giving birth is now 30.3, ONS figures show

The fertility rate of women aged 40 and above has surpassed that of women aged under 20 for the first time since 1947, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

The older age group had the largest percentage increase (3.4%) in fertility rates in 2015, the figures show, while the younger age group had the largest percentage decrease (7.1%), continuing a decline since 1999.

Fertility rate for women aged 40+ in Eng&Wales rose above rate for women < 20 in 2015 https://t.co/Oeq5cs0OZG http://pic.twitter.com/UxdPdaulB8

Related: Number of deaths in England and Wales hits 12-year high

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