الأربعاء، 31 أغسطس 2016

Legal costs are barrier to rights for mothers | Letters

Maria Miller’s report is to be welcomed (MPs urge action to fight ‘shocking’ bias against mothers, 31 August). However, there is little point in creating new rights until there is proper funding of Citizens Advice bureaux, law centres and other voluntary agencies to enforce those rights. Rebecca Raven was assisted by her union in her unfair dismissal case. A large section of female workers are not unionised and have to represent themselves.

High tribunal fees, complex legal issues and aggressive correspondence from the legally represented employer deter the vast majority from pursuing their claims. Until this is recognised, the “shocking bias” will continue unchecked.
Andrew Hillier QC
South West London Law Centres

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'Typically short sighted': readers on discrimination against expectant and new mothers

Guardian readers have been discussing a call for better job protection for new and expecting mothers. Here are are some of their comments

MPs are demanding urgent government action to tackle a “shocking and unacceptable” rise in workplace discrimination in the UK against expectant and new mothers over the last decade.

Related: Workplace discrimination: when a pregnant pause becomes more long-term

This is, sadly, really necessary. I was discriminated against when I returned to work after my first child and made redundant while eight months pregnant with my second. This is despite glowing reviews all the way to the end. My job was given to the man who covered my maternity but who I had to clear up after (acknowledged all the way up to directors) as he messed up a lot of senior client relationships while covering my job. I could have fought my redundancy so the man was made redundant, not me, especially as my job still existed, his didn't, but at that point I'd lost the will to fight. Of course, I couldn't look for work straight away so now have a gap in my cv which is impossible to miss. I have a new job now but in a much smaller firm with fewer prospects (and lower pay). And my case is not unique.

Terrible, but not unusual. When I returned to my well-paid, senior job after taking four months maternity leave my role had been "re-structured". I was devastated, especially as I had a dreadful delivery and was still recovering. I had no choice but to return to work and I had actually been looking forward to it as I liked my job. After that, I stuck it out for a year and then did a sideways move to get the hell out of there. I'm now in a very senior management position at another workplace, but I know that it has taken me longer to get here as a result of that demotion, in effect. I look back, four years later, and wonder why the hell I didn't fight and seek legal advice. However, as you alluded to, being a new mother is one of the most stressful experiences and I just wasn't up to it. Hope all works out for you.

Typical short-sighted behaviour of the side of employers, similar to training new generations of staff. Someone needs to give birth and train your potential future employees. I suppose this doesn't matter much if you run a cutthroat, cowboy business without a future.

Stunning how many comments arguing against maternity pay are from people who very clearly don't know how maternity pay works. Most of it is reclaimed by the company, and in some cases the amount reclaimed includes the company admin costs. The company is NOT asked to keep paying a pregnant employee their full salary while they are on maternity leave! I do wish people would get their facts right before making a comment.

I've presently got one member of staff who is suffering horrendously with morning sickness, she has been working from home when she can for three weeks, and has been doing a fine job. At the other end, our loyalty will get repaid, and the other women in the office will again see how well they are treated, meaning we are more likely to retain them.
We did recently have a lady, who we offered a job to, who was due to start next month. She called us to say she was three months pregnant (not disclosed at interview), and as such would need to move on to the company medical scheme immediately, rather than the standard six month waiting period. We refused her request, so she isn't joining, but she clearly felt quite aggrieved at this.
Whilst I'm sure she has the right not tell us she was pregnant at interview, that is quite a different circumstance for the employer than it being an existing employee, and if I'm honest, had I known, I wouldn't have offered the job to her.

Employers have virtual impunity here. They act safe in the knowledge that most of those who suffer a loss at their hands cannot afford the tribunal fees introduced by the coalition government of £1,200 just to get to a hearing (previously it was free).

Even those that manage to overcome this financial obstacle, will discover that compensation awards are restrictive and fixed by statute. Those who succeed at a full hearing of the tribunal are not entitled to claim the costs of legal representation from their employers, so the solicitor and potentially barrister is to be paid out of any compensatory award given.

These articles should give more detail on how maternity pay works, how much, who pays etc.

The Govt website seems to say that employers can claim between 92 and 103% of the money back.

Why don't they make both paternity and maternity compulsory? For several months at least Then in one stroke you remove a huge chunk of the gender-based discrimination in hiring that women face and fathers get a bigger role in the child's upbringing.

Then down the road senior management (mostly male) won't begrudge women taking time of work as they'll have been forced to do so themselves at some point.

As someone who is seven months pregnant, I can assure you I am far less productive than I was. I am slower around the office, unwilling to do somethings I did before (like climb ladders to get down stock), take more time off. Above all, I am far less focused on work and far more focused on my new (and first) baby to come. I intend taking a far bit of time off work as well when the baby comes and I am not that interested in the marketing plan for next year, leaving that to my business and life partner, my husband.

Not every woman is the same but to pretend that pregnancy and then raising children does not effect your productivity is a triumph of ideology over reality

My wife was made redundant 4 months ago when she was 6 months pregnant. The company she worked for went into administration and then liquidated the shell company, mainly so they could close their last uk factory without having to pay any redundancy to the 350+ workers there. Every other member of staff was kept and transferred to a new shell. However, they took the opportunity to also get rid of the two pregnant women in their head office to avoid paying them any of their benefit entitlements. The cheeky fuckers then told my wife they would take her back on once she was ready to come back to work! Without paying her any of her owed money, obviously.

I was discriminated against from the moment I took a few hours off to go for the 12 week scan. My line manager recorded all anti-natal appointments under holiday leave and I was threatened with demotion if I carried on taking 'unnecessary' time off. I only managed to keep my job by contacting my Union who accompanied me to meetings with my line manager (she was Head of Human Resources and should have had a better understanding of the law). The stress was unbearable. After maternity leave they contacted me to tell me my job was no longer available (it had been given to the person who was covering for me) but that I had been moved to another position with a lower job grade. I could have gone to tribunal as my previous job was still there but I couldn't face it, it's the last thing you need when you're a new parent and I wanted to enjoy my son's early years without all that stress hanging over me so I resigned and started my own company.

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Maternity rights are not an optional extra | Rebecca Schiller

I, like many other women, have had problems at work due to pregnancy – and those in precarious economic situations face potentially much worse outcomes

The fact that three-quarters of women experience a negative or discriminatory effect of their pregnancy at work, as a report from the women and equalities select committee shows, isn’t a huge surprise to me.

Seven years ago I was pregnant for the first time and emailed my employer’s human resources department to ask whether I would accrue bank holidays during my maternity leave. It’s not a life-shatteringly interesting question, but something I felt I needed to know to consider how long I could afford to be at home with my newborn. Instead of clarification I received a sharp email instructing me that maternity leave was intended to be for “recuperating from childbirth and spending time with my baby”. It was not a way of greedily storing up holiday. Chastened and naive, I didn’t ask again. Those bank holidays I was indeed entitled to disappeared into the ether, and I didn’t go back to that job.

Related: Rise in women facing discrimination on taking maternity leave

Related: When I went on maternity leave, my employers made me feel invisible | Anonymous

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US teen pregnancy rate drops to record low due to 'increased contraceptive use'

New analysis finds percentage of sexually active teens who used some form of birth control the last time they had sex increased significantly from 2007 to 2012

A precipitous drop in the US teenage pregnancy rate to record lows was driven by improved use of contraception, a new analysis from the Guttmacher Institute found.

“There was no significant change in adolescent sexual activity during this time period,” Dr Laura Lindberg, a principal research scientist with the Guttmacher Institute and the paper’s lead author, said in a statement. “Rather, our new data suggest that recent declines in teens’ risk of pregnancy – and in their pregnancy rates – are driven by increased contraceptive use.”

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الثلاثاء، 30 أغسطس 2016

MPs urge better job protection for expectant and new mothers

Call for German-style system to reduce ‘shocking’ discrimination, particularly against women in casual work in UK

MPs are demanding urgent government action to tackle a “shocking and unacceptable” rise in workplace discrimination in the UK against expectant and new mothers over the last decade.

A report published by the women and equalities select committee called for Britain to put in place protection similar to that in Germany, where pregnant women can only be made redundant in certain circumstances.

Related: Workplace discrimination: when a pregnant pause becomes more long-term

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الخميس، 25 أغسطس 2016

Girls exposed to 'electronic babies' more likely to become pregnant, study finds

More girls in Australian study who used the dolls – designed to prevent teenage pregnancy – became pregnant than those who did not

Young girls exposed to electronic babies – designed to simulate the real experience of having a baby and discourage teenage pregnancy – were more likely to get pregnant, a study of Australian schools has found.

The landmark study, published in the Lancet, found that 17% of girls who used the dolls had become pregnant by the age of 20, compared with 11% of those who did not.

Related: How the UK halved its teenage pregnancy rate

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الثلاثاء، 23 أغسطس 2016

How did your working life change after childbirth?

New research shows women still earn 18% less than men – with the disparity widening markedly after having children. Share your experiences

We’ve come a long way in terms of the gender pay gap, but new research shows women still earn 18% less than men on average.

The gap, down from 23% in 2003 and 28% in 1993, has been highlighted by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). It also notes that the difference in pay widens markedly after childbirth (a 30% gap 10 years after giving birth) – with concerns being that women then miss out on pay rises and promotions. It’s a notion supported by a separate report on Tuesday which found male managers are 40% more likely to be promoted than female ones.

Related: Women in UK still far adrift on salary and promotion as gender pay gap remains a gulf

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الأحد، 21 أغسطس 2016

Rise in women facing discrimination on taking maternity leave

Citizens Advice records nearly 60% rise in women reporting maternity leave issues including roles being changed and hours reduced

New mothers are facing increasing discrimination when they take maternity leave including being made redundant and switched to zero-hours contracts.

Citizens Advice has recorded a nearly 60% rise in the number of women seeking advice about maternity leave issues this year. Just over 3,300 came to the charity with such issues in the year to June compared to 2,099 last year.

Related: ‘When I go to work, my babies are with a man who loves them as much as I do’

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السبت، 20 أغسطس 2016

Texas has highest maternal mortality rate in developed world, study finds

As the Republican-led state legislature has slashed funding to reproductive healthcare clinics, the maternal mortality rate doubled over just a two-year period

The rate of Texas women who died from complications related to their pregnancy doubled from 2010 to 2014, a new study has found, for an estimated maternal mortality rate that is unmatched in any other state and the rest of the developed world.

The finding comes from a report, appearing in the September issue of the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology, that the maternal mortality rate in the United States increased between 2000 and 2014, even while the rest of the world succeeded in reducing its rate. Excluding California, where maternal mortality declined, and Texas, where it surged, the estimated number of maternal deaths per 100,000 births rose to 23.8 in 2014 from 18.8 in 2000 – or about 27%.

Related: The biggest US city without an abortion clinic: El Paso's sole facility faces closure

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الجمعة، 19 أغسطس 2016

Pregnancy and mental health: the hidden pain of giving birth

The range of mental health problems experienced around pregnancy and childbirth is vast and often isn’t spoken about. Here, we share your stories

Magda, a 29-year-old software developer, regularly fends off questions about when she will have her first child. Coming from a close-knit family and having been with her boyfriend for a decade, the topic is brought up regularly. But Magda grimaces in response, only to be told: “Don’t leave it too late.”

For Magda, the question of when she wants to have a child is complex. There is a serious history of depression and psychosis in her family on both sides. In fact, her mother was sectioned for a long time after giving birth to her.

A lot of times my days are coping minute to minute. I don’t know if that puts me in a good position to raise a child

When it comes to having children I have two thoughts. One, genetically I don’t like the idea of gambling and seeing whether I pass it on... Second, should that child not have to deal with that, they will have to deal with me as their father and a lot of times my days are coping minute to minute. I don’t know if that puts me in a good position to raise a child in the best way.

Giving birth was much more painful and difficult than I ever imagined it would be

I have been told that I may need medication for life to treat my anxiety and depression. When I decided to have a baby, my main fear was that the drugs would be dangerous and I’d have to come off them. I was scared of falling ill, which had happened when I came off medication before – when I was at my worst I had extreme panic attacks about 10 times a day.

My dad, who is a doctor, assured me that citalopram is generally considered OK during pregnancy. But babies born to depressed mothers can have worse growth and general health.

I have borderline personality disorder and a social anxiety disorder. I stopped taking my medication (Escitalopram) when I was pregnant because I was worried about the health of my baby. Some doctors thought it was better I stay on the drug, while others disagreed, and because of this varying advice I stopped. However, coming off it caused me a lot of problems. I started self-harming, for example, and worried about everything. I ended up hiding in my house, which meant I couldn’t go back to work. With borderline personality disorder I can go very quickly from being level-headed to mentally unstable. Being pregnant made it harder to cope with this. I didn’t feel like my body was my own. I couldn’t harm myself physically to rid my mind of distressing thoughts.

I was referred to a mental health assessment team and put back on medication on a low dosage. I had one visit with the assessment team but found the nurse dismissive and unhelpful. They didn’t realise I’d had past mental health problems and were treating me as if I had just turned up with thoughts of harming myself. Once I explained to them that I presented before pregnancy I hoped they’d adjust their attitude towards me, perhaps offer more contact, but they didn’t.

I started to have horrible thoughts about my baby – thinking I had made a terrible mistake and wanted to get rid of it

I have never experienced mental health issues other than while I was pregnant. When I was around eight weeks, I started to feel upset. The baby hadn’t been planned, but I was ecstatic at first. However, depression soon took over. As the weeks went on it got worse – I hated people talking about the pregnancy and wanted to pretend it wasn’t happening. I started to have horrible thoughts about my baby – thinking I had made a terrible mistake and wanted to get rid of it. Bizarrely, I also decided that when the baby was born, I would swap it with another child in the hospital, and at least then they wouldn’t be my responsibility any more.

Fortunately by the time I was heavily pregnant, I didn’t feel negatively any more. I only felt sad that this thinking had ruined my early pregnancy for me. I now have a huge amount of sympathy for anyone who experiences depression.

I finally admitted to myself that I was seriously ill after weeks of considering throwing myself under the train

I finally admitted to myself that I was seriously ill after weeks of considering throwing myself under the train on my way to work, followed by weeks of not being able to get out of bed. I lacked the motivation to do anything: get dressed, wash my hair, let alone make any preparation for a new baby. There is a hormonal trigger to perinatal depression and the more the pregnancy progresses the greater the influence of hormones.

Looking back on it it would have been better for me to have someone to talk to [after the miscarriage] and maybe drop the stigma that men have to be strong and carry everyone around them, because something like losing a child does affect us just as much emotionally.

I’m pregnant for the second time. My husband and I lost our first child when I had a miscarriage in my first trimester. It’s not something you get over. People around you think that it’s all about getting pregnant, but the waiting for the arrival of a healthy baby now is worse than any treatment. I suffer from crippling anxiety – crying at random times, waking up from nightmares. I can’t talk about being pregnant and am still trying to hide it at almost 20 weeks.

I wish that I could be offered some counselling. My partner and I received no support whatsoever from the NHS after the D&C [a surgical procedure often performed after a first-trimester miscarriage]. Only now, from reading the Miscarriage Association’s literature am I beginning to understand that the anxiety we are going through is common.

I had my daughter a few years ago and read all the information I could get my hands on. After a difficult birth I eventually delivered my baby. I was exhausted (it took 48 hours in total) and shell-shocked. We stayed in hospital for a few days while trying to get my daughter to breastfeed. I was struggling so much with this that I refused to have any visitors as I didn’t want anyone to think I couldn’t cope. In the end I gave up so that we could all just go home. Luckily bottle feeding didn’t affect bonding with my baby.

However, my partner didn’t cope well at all. From seeing me in so much pain and out of control, he tried to take on far too much so that I could recover. His mental health spiralled as a result to the point where he couldn’t look at our baby. He couldn’t handle her crying and one day I found him crouched in a corner rocking. I got him to see a counsellor and the doctor advised that he would recover better if he moved out for a while. He went to live with his parents and we would visit, but he couldn’t cope with the guilt of leaving us.

I’d already had a baby and enjoyed being a mum, so when I fell pregnant again I never expected to experience postnatal depression.It was four months before I plucked up the courage to go and see the doctor. I kept telling myself to keep going, and that I could be a perfect mum like the ones you see plastered all over social media. Now I realise that it’s not real. To me, during the dark days that perfect picture wasn’t my life but boy did I try to achieve it. I was really struggling and I told no one. Admitting weakness was like putting my hand up and saying: “Look at me, the bad mum over here.”

The day I told my sister and my mum I was at my wits’ end. I cried the whole time. I paced the length of my house for half an hour before I finally made the call to my family. After that I went to the doctor. I thought he was going to laugh and tell me to just get on with it like every other mum, but he didn’t. He told me that this would be the last time I would feel this way and that every day, from today, I would start to feel better. Most importantly he made me realise for the first time in four months that I wasn’t a failing mother-of-two. I’d managed to keep my head above water through one of the most challenging times of my life.

I completely lost touch with reality and was convinced my phone was communicating with me in code

I started to get hyper-manic and the effect that had, in terms of behaviour, meant that I would be wide awake all night. My mind would be racing and I was really driven to do things, for example I would reorganise the kitchen cupboard at 3am to 4am in the morning. I also wrote lists compulsively and used hand gestures, which I don’t normally do … then after that I became psychotic. I completely lost touch with reality and was convinced my phone was communicating with me in code. I thought it might be my father who had died three years previously. I thought I would just will with my mind ordering a pizza and it would be delivered to the door.

My wife and I experienced the stillbirth of our first child, Andrew. It was very sudden, my wife noticed a lack of movement and we went to hospital. We saw a classic scan, but this time with no heartbeat. I carry the image with me to this day. The following days and weeks were traumatic. We were told that the chances of a future successful pregnancy were higher if my wife delivered Andrew naturally, so labour was induced gently. We then went to a dedicated maternity suite (where we were handled with exceptional care and attention by all staff). The delivery was normal, except that Andrew was not alive.

Following the stillbirth, I experienced post-traumatic stress disorder for which I have since received cognitive behavioural therapy. I had flash-backs of the traumatic delivery and the events immediately before and after, including my son’s funeral. I also suffered from an intense anxiety as we went through four more pregnancies – two ended in miscarriage and two ended inthe births of two wonderful boys. We constantly wondered about miscarriage, stillbirth and the chances of a good outcome. The mental health problems affected my work – I was constantly on high alert.

On the whole the NHS was marvellous. Their care when we lost Andrew was excellent in the circumstances

I had a traumatic first birth and my baby was in neonatal care, which left me struggling with what I know now to be PTSD and perinatal anxiety. I didn’t understand what was happening, so tried to carry on as normal. I became pregnant again 14 months later by accident and really suffered. I believed I would die, writing letters to all my family and counting down the days until I would leave this world. I had awful anxiety, flashbacks and was terrified all the time. I didn’t trust healthcare professionals, hated going to the hospital for appointments and didn’t know who I could approach for help. I became a shell, empty and full of fear.

I wish that my traumatic birth had been acknowledged and that I had been asked how I was coping in my next pregnancy. I wish that there had been counselling, more information around having a difficult birth. I wish I’d just been asked how I was, not physically but mentally. I wish there had been continuity of care so that I had someone I trusted care for me. It took me 15 years to get a correct diagnosis after the second birth and even then there was no specialist treatment support available.

I was diagnosed with OCD following the birth of my first child. I was experiencing intrusive thoughts about my son coming to harm (and that I might actually be the one to harm him). I have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes throughout my life.This and the severe anxiety I was experiencing led me to spend a lot of my maternity leave sitting at home, waiting for something terrible to happen.

My midwife noticed during my pregnancy that I was feeling anxious and referred me to a mental health clinic at the local women’s hospital. I continued to attend there after my pregnancy and, as things spiralled out of control, I was prescribed antidepressants and given a place in a group therapy session. I was admitted to hospital – in a dedicated mother and baby unit – for two months as things failed to improve.

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الخميس، 18 أغسطس 2016

Cambodia proves fertile ground for foreign surrogacy after Thailand ban | Sarah Haaij

Surrogacy agencies outlawed in Thailand, India and Nepal have upped sticks for Cambodia, where the practice remains unregulated

After a long day of selling snacks at her son’s primary school, Kew, who is seven months pregnant, squats on the Bangkok pavement to take a rest. The single mother has no idea whose baby she is carrying, or where its future parents live. She says it makes no difference to her.

“The first time I did surrogacy, I discovered that the baby was for a Spanish couple. Two gay men,” she says. “For me it’s all the same, as long as I get paid.”

Related: Outsourcing pregnancy: a visit to India's surrogacy clinics | Julie Bindel

After they left I cried for three days straight … I miss this little girl like she is my own

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الأربعاء، 17 أغسطس 2016

Scientists study link between unhealthy pregnancy diet and ADHD

Experts examine how a diet high in fat and sugar could alter baby’s DNA in a way that might cause behavioural problems

A diet high in fat and sugar during pregnancy may be linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with behavioural problems early in life, experts have found.

Related: Pregnancy food: what you eat can affect your child for life

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الخميس، 11 أغسطس 2016

'A baby made his first sound on the 106 bus': readers share amazing birth stories | Guardian readers and Sarah Marsh

Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools let their eldest daughters watch the birth of their sibling this week. You told us about the births you’ve witnessed

Jamie Oliver’s eldest children witnessed their mother, Jools, give birth this week. It prompted us to ask readers whether they have been present at the birth of someone else’s baby. From a birth on the 106 bus to helping deliver a neighbour’s baby, here are your stories.

Related: Giving birth the Jools Oliver way – letting the kids watch

Related: How many people should watch you give birth? The crowdbirthing conundrum | Nicola Goodall

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الاثنين، 8 أغسطس 2016

I’m treating pregnant women with Zika and this is what it’s like | Christine Curry

Some women decide on termination. Others carry on, despite the risks. With so much about the virus still unknown, it’s a journey for both staff and patients

As a medical student, I remember reading books about the early days of the HIV epidemic and wondering what it was like for doctors to take care of patients who had a new, unknown disease. It seemed to me like it would be frightening for both patients and doctors alike. I didn’t expect that early in my career as an OB-GYN, I would be caught in the middle of another new disease outbreak – Zika.

Most people who catch this virus feel fine. Some will end up with a fever, rash, aches and pains and red eyes (conjunctivitis), or rarely, a serious nerve disorder called Guillain-Barre. But in pregnancy there can be very serious consequences for the baby. As of July 28, the World Health Organization reports that nearly 2,000 babies worldwide are affected with microcephaly or central nervous system malformations associated with Zika.

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الأربعاء، 3 أغسطس 2016

Fertility expert attacks critics of 62-year-old first-time mother

Woman labelled a burden on taxpayers by head of Australian Medical Association, but defended by president of Fertility Society

The president of the Fertility Society of Australia, Prof Michael Chapman, has attacked criticism of a 62-year-old Tasmanian woman who has become Australia’s oldest first-time mother.

The woman, who does not wish to be identified, received IVF overseas where she was implanted with a fertilised donor embryo. The woman gave birth via a caesarean section at 34 weeks pregnant at the Frances Perry private hospital in Melbourne on Monday, supported by her 78-year-old partner.

Related: Parents likely to block girlfriend’s attempt to access sperm from dead son

I can see many situations that might have driven her to this.

Related: Women's fertility underestimated by 68% in 'highly inaccurate' hormone test

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