السبت، 27 فبراير 2016

The Life Project: what makes some people happy, healthy and successful – and others not?

The factors that most affect our life chances are revealed as the first group of British babies followed in a remarkable cradle-to-grave study turns 70

In March 1946, scientists recorded the birth of almost every British baby born in one, cold week. They have been following thousands of them ever since, in what has become the longest running major study of human development in the world. These people – who turn 70 over the next two weeks − are some of the best studied people on the planet. And the analysis of them was so successful that researchers repeated the exercise, starting to follow thousands of babies born in 1958, 1970, the early 1990s and at the turn of the millennium. Altogether, more than 70,000 people across five generations have been enrolled in these “birth cohort” studies. No other country in the world is tracking generations of people in quite this way: the studies have become the envy of scientists around the world, a jewel in the crown of British science, and yet, beyond the circle of dedicated researchers who run them, remarkably few people know that they even exist.

I have spent the last five years researching these studies, and carried out well over 150 interviews with scientists, science administrators and cohort members along the way. (The identity of people in the studies is confidential, but I was able to talk to a few.) I discovered that this is a gloriously British endeavour − run by a cast of eccentric English men and women, often on a wing and a prayer. I came to believe that remarkable things happen when scientists do something as simple as watch people live their lives, and try to work out why we follow different paths.

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الثلاثاء، 23 فبراير 2016

'Vaginal seeding' of babies born by C-section could pose infection risk, doctors warn

‘No evidence of benefit’ in trend of swabbing newborns with mother’s vaginal fluid after caesarean births, say experts writing in British Medical Journal

New mothers could be putting their babies at risk of serious infection by following a trend called “seeding”, experts have warned.

Related: Mothers facing C-sections look to vaginal 'seeding' to boost their babies' health

Related: Yes, women should choose their maternity care. Why isn’t it happening now? | Rebecca Schiller

Related: Razor blades in Malawi, iPads in London: what the world's women pack in their maternity bags – in pictures

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Yes, women should choose their maternity care. Why isn’t it happening now? | Rebecca Schiller

Baroness Cumberlege’s report proposing personal birth budgets is what many women have wanted for decades – the tricky bit is putting it into practice

“Safe care is personalised care,” says Baroness Julia Cumberlege in a letter to the women of England. Launching the report of her review of maternity services in England, Cumberlege is clear about her vision for the future and catchily suggests £3,000 personal birth budgets. But behind those simple-sounding words lurks an argument that I hope she has the support to win.

Women’s basic humanity – and the autonomy, dignity and respect that this should afford them – is often characterised as the enemy of safety in maternity care. Wherever we place ourselves on the natural to medicalised birth spectrum, the narrative is usually the same. Silly women with their unrealistic and downright irresponsible ideas about birth can’t be the ones who decide what happens to their bodies in pregnancy because it’s just not safe for the baby. This ridiculous argument has left attitudes to women in the maternity system in a state of relentless suspension for years.

Related: National maternity review calls for £3,000 'birth budgets'

Related: The National Childbirth Trust is now run by a man. Time for deep breaths | Catherine Bennett

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السبت، 20 فبراير 2016

Childless UK couples forced abroad to find surrogates

Lack of clarity in UK laws causes anguish for prospective parents

A shortage of surrogates in the UK is driving childless couples who want a baby abroad, with sometimes fraught consequences for the parents and child.

Almost two-thirds of all UK parental orders – legal rights conferred on parents who have commissioned a child from a surrogate – are now for a baby born overseas. In the past three years, more than 1,000 UK couples and individuals have secured the services of surrogates abroad, the highest number from any European country.

Related: The kindness of strangers: should surrogates get paid?

It’s definitely time the laws were adjusted to allow people to sign legally binding surrogacy contracts in the UK

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الجمعة، 19 فبراير 2016

'Don't push down your grief': our readers describe the pain of miscarriage | Guardian readers and Sarah Marsh

Many women experience miscarriages, yet it’s a subject that’s often not discussed. Our readers offer their advice on coping with loss

The devastation of losing a child in pregnancy affects more people than you mght imagine: the charity Tommy estimates miscarriages occurs in 15-20% of recognised pregnancies.

Yet it’s a subject that people often don’t discuss. This week one writer opened up about her miscarriages. “In work the following day, I feel panicky about anyone speaking to me, like I’ve shed my skin but I’m the husk, not the new person, and one question will blow me away on the wind,” she writes.

My partner has suffered (and I use the word suffered intentionally) three miscarriages. We have two healthy and happy children. I know that’s not what people want to hear, but it’s absolutely possible. I can’t say anything that will make you feel better, as nothing can. I can only say these five words, the ones that I had to continually reassure my partner, it’s not your fault. – Owlyross

You are definitely not alone. Social media pictures of smiling babies don’t always give the full story, the truth of what came before. I had two miscarriages and an ectopic pregnancy before giving birth to my son. I still remember the anxiety following those positive tests, the desolation at the smears of blood weeks later. But I discovered that the majority of mothers in my large team at work had also experienced at least one. Their support helped a lot. Try not to despair. A book I found helpful about understanding miscarriage was one by Lesley Regan. – Fleura

Related: A moment that changed me: it’s my third miscarriage and I’m losing the plot | Amy Swales

We started seven (!) IVF rounds and I-don’t-know-how-many “natural tries”. I had two early miscarriages and then suddenly got pregnant with our daughter who is now two. I know it feels like something you want to keep secret, but once you start talking about it you will find that there are so many out there that had trouble conceiving/carrying to term. Behind all those happy baby pictures on Facebook there are thousands of stories about struggle and loss, and hope.

On a practical note: make sure you are examined to determine the cause of the miscarriage. Was it something with the fetus or is it something with your womb? Look into immunology if you haven’t already, there are several theories that the body might treat the embryo as foreign body and expel it. There’s also a lot to learn about different supplements/food that can help. Make sure you read absolutely everything that you can – there is so much we still don’t know about human reproduction, so you can not trust the doctors to know everything. You will need to educate yourself. – macewe

It’s been four months since the professionals recommended that we stop trying. Already we are told of pregnancies in a way that makes it obvious that no one believes a little consideration could be shown to us. Rather we are excitedly told and when we don’t run around the room whooping it’s met with puzzlement like “oh you guys are still sad?”. If I even try to discuss it with my family it’s met with a shrug and the “well adopt or foster then if you really want kids”. It’s been four months. I think that’s what makes me sad. Miscarriages can cause a profound grief but it seems it’s not a legitimate grief in most people’s eyes. – kithype

Be gentle on yourselves and ignore the unsupportive among your friends and extended family. Some of the responses we endured bordered on the insane, like when my aunt told me that my cousin hadn’t told me about the birth of her first child in case “I wanted her baby”. In an instant I was cast as a maternity hospital kidnapper from a daytime soap opera. Banish such people from your life. They have nothing positive to offer. – SmileyFace2

You’re grieving. Don’t feel disgusted for not coping. What does that even mean? Don’t think that you need to put on a front and get over it? Feel what you feel and allow it even when the pain is so raw you think you might collapse, because that can be a healthy way for the body and mind to help dispel the grief. Pushing it down in a bid to “save face” will only add to the hurt you feel. Do what feels right for you and don’t apologise. If you’ve had a lot of miscarriages you need time to heal. The best medicine now for you is rest, love and (as unthinkable as it may sound) laughter. – Jucylicious

The little things are the hardest. The comments and conflicting information from friends and professionals. The “you are still young” and the inquisitive colleagues asking if you are feeling better now.

However, there are great positives. I really believe that for my husband and I our priorities will be different when we have our family now than if it had happened easily for us. The experience has brought us much closer and taught us a great deal about the unexpected nature of life. – JessicaHousden

Miscarriages are usually devastating. They are deaths of wanted babies. And the mother needs privacy, room, and permission to grieve (so does the father). No one else is entitled to know what has happened or offer advice, especially not “just go out and adopt an unwanted child”. This is fundamental. The depths of the grief are unexpected. But that grief is real ... There are many solutions that good fertility specialists can suggest. I know many women who had multiple miscarriages prior to carrying a baby to term. And I count myself among these women who grieved privately until success was achieved after a series of inexplicable losses. – Dory_Green

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الخميس، 18 فبراير 2016

A moment that changed me: it’s my third miscarriage and I’m losing the plot | Amy Swales

I need people to know what has happened to me, but I’m disgusted with myself for not coping

Just under a year ago, the first positive pregnancy test. “Keep everything,” the woman on the phone said not much later, Mother’s Day. “Put any pads and the tissues you use to wipe yourself in a bag.” We carried it around the hospital, sat with it in the waiting rooms. We asked the doctor discharging me what to do with it. He threw the bag away. There wasn’t much to see then; but the second time there was no mistaking what was happening. I felt it going, let it lump into my hand, looked at it and flushed it down a toilet in Brooklyn.

Related: Baby loss awareness week: we need to talk about miscarriage

Related: With miscarriage, there are many routes to shame | Zoe Williams

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الأربعاء، 17 فبراير 2016

Women who delay pregnancy until 40s 'at greater risk of heart attack or stroke'

Research presented at the American Stroke Association shows risk of ischemic stroke increased from 2.4% to 3.8% for women pregnant over the age of 40

Women who delay motherhood until they are 40 or older are more likely to have a heart attack or a stroke in later life than women who have children at a younger age, new research suggests.

The study, presented at the American Stroke Association’s international stroke conference in Los Angeles, examined data concerning more than 72,000 women, 3,300 of them reported that they became pregnant late in life. The researchers compared their rates of stroke, heart attack and cardiovascular death over 12 years of follow up with women who were pregnant at a younger age.

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الثلاثاء، 16 فبراير 2016

How text messages and volunteer midwives are saving lives in Rwanda

The UN estimates 590,000 children have been saved, with deaths now at 42 per 1,000 births compared with 300 in 1994

When a woman goes into labour, Liberata Musabyimana always accompanies her on the walk to the health centre. Sometimes the knock on Musabyimana’s door comes in the middle of the night announcing a baby is due. Or the birth is so swift there is no time to reach the clinic. Instead, the 35-year-old farmer must act as midwife as happened recently.

“It was 10pm and the baby came so quickly it was born by the roadside,” recalls Musabyimana, who lives in Rwanda’s rural eastern province. “The mother-in-law cut the umbilical cord then someone arrived on a motorbike and drove the little one off to the centre.” Nine months on, both baby and 40-year-old mother are thriving.

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These brave mothers’ stories must chip away at the stigma of postnatal depression | Alain Gregoire

One in 10 women suffers from pregnancy-related mental health problems, but fear stops them asking for help. A BBC documentary shows it doesn’t have to be that way

As a consultant psychiatrist in the NHS I have spent 25 years treating the bravest and strongest people you could ever meet. They are battling through unimaginable suffering, sometimes deciding to continue living only because they do not want to hurt family and friends and tolerating the deficiencies of services and treatments.

During the past six months I have had the privilege of participating in the BBC documentary My Baby, Psychosis and Me with a group of women who have capped this bravery with an extraordinary and humbling altruism – by volunteering to share their experiences at the most vulnerable time in their lives.

Related: Therapy helped me to love my baby after a traumatic pregnancy | Louisa Leaman

Patients frequently tell me that the benefits of being open about mental illness outweighs any disadvantage

Related: NHS mental health services: tell us your experiences and stories

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الاثنين، 15 فبراير 2016

'I'd always thought I would fight for my child no matter what. But I didn’t'

Forced to decide between a severely disabled baby unlikely to live long, or a late abortion, Joy Freeman chose the latter. She talks to people who faced a similar choice and finds that men and women deal with it very differently

Diagnosis of an abnormality in your unborn baby propels you into a strange alternate universe where everyone around you seems callously happy. You are still outwardly pregnant, and people congratulate you, but you are living with the poisoned chalice of knowledge and choice.

Our baby was diagnosed with spina bifida at a routine scan about halfway through the pregnancy. The prognosis was not good: major, life-saving surgery at birth, no walking, probably no talking. The likelihood that he would survive childhood was murky. My partner and I had to decide whether to raise a severely disabled child or have an abortion.

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الجمعة، 12 فبراير 2016

El Salvador's Zika crisis compounded by failings of state, violence and machismo

Virus-infected women in the Central American country face the world’s harshest abortion law, little sex education, and prevalent gang and sexual violence

Vanesa del Carmen Velásquez was 26 weeks pregnant when, just before Christmas, her joints started to ache. A day or so later came an itchy rash across her body and a fever of 39C (102F), swiftly followed by raw red conjunctivitis eyes.

Related: 'Zika-linked' miscarriages pose jail risk for women in El Salvador, activists say

Related: El Salvador: where women are thrown into jail for losing a baby | Jonathan Watts

Related: Should we wipe mosquitoes off the face of the Earth?

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الأربعاء، 10 فبراير 2016

Eating your placenta – is it healthy or just weird?

Celebrities like January Jones and the Kardashians are doing it. But is the practice of placentophagy simply a fad, or are there actual health benefits to consuming one’s own placenta?

According to one cookbook on the subject, you can mix your raw placenta with yoghurt and fruit in a blender and make a smoothie. Or add it to ground beef in a lasagna recipe. Or make chocolate truffles out of it. Dice it, slice it, sauté it with onions, dehydrate it and grind it up – it seems there’s no wrong way to eat placenta.

The practice of placentophagy – the formal name for eating the placenta for health benefits – has been having a moment. What was once an extremely fringe movement has been given a boost by celebrity endorsements from January Jones to the Kardashians. Articles describing personal experiences have popped up everywhere from XOJane to the New York Times. Advocates cite its ability to boost milk production, fight postpartum depression, reduce pain and increase energy in new mothers.

Related: I ate my wife's placenta raw in a smoothie and cooked in a taco

Related: Placenta smoothie business investigated by Wiltshire health officials

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Beyond the baby blues: the postcode lottery of new mothers' mental health

With one in 10 women developing a mental illness during or after pregnancy, including postpartum psychosis, not all are lucky enough to be cared for in a specialist mother and baby unit

The arrival of a baby is supposed to be one of the happiest times of a woman’s life. But for a sizeable minority, it takes a heavy toll on their mental health, posing a risk to the welfare of mother and baby alike.

More than one in 10 women develop a mental illness while expecting a child or in the first year after giving birth. For about 40,000 women it is severe and in extreme cases necessitates admitting mother and baby to a specialist unit.

I'm lucky because of where I live. People five miles away didn't receive the same standard of care

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الأحد، 7 فبراير 2016

Rate of stillbirths in UK higher than Poland, Croatia and Estonia

Research by Sands shows average number of stillbirths has fallen just 1.8% since 2000 compared with 3.5% in Poland

British women are more likely give birth to a dead baby than women in Poland, Croatia or Estonia, newly released figures show.

There were 3,654 stillbirths – a rate of 4.6 per 1,000 births in 2014, the latest year for which figures are available, according to a stillbirth and neonatal death charity.

Related: The high number of stillbirths shows we are not listening to women properly | Rebecca Schiller

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الجمعة، 5 فبراير 2016

If women are told to fear alcohol, they must also be told they have choice | Jennifer Gerson Uffalussy

We need less fear-mongering and more support for women who need reproductive healthcare – including abortion care

Lay off the booze, ladies. That’s what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wants us to do unless we are on some kind of as-yet-un-invented birth control with a 100% success rate. The reason? Women can get pregnant and pregnant women shouldn’t drink.

They also say that if a woman has more than eight drinks a week, she drinks too much. I guess the federal health agency has no idea how lovely it is in the modern era to enjoy a glass of wine or two at night before going to bed and starting the rat race of modern life all over again the next day. (Also, they are clearly not Scandal fans and have not seen how Olivia Pope can get it handled despite – or is it because of – her love of giant glasses of red wine.)

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الخميس، 4 فبراير 2016

Colombia confirms first three deaths of patients infected with Zika virus

Patients had contracted a seemingly related disease that attacks the nervous system and causes paralysis, and another two deaths were still unconfirmed

Colombia has confirmed the first three deaths of patients infected with the Zika virus who had contracted a seemingly related disease that attacks the nervous system and causes paralysis.

Related: Zika virus: Colombia warns of spike in patients with related paralysis disorder

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Long-term support for Zika virus victims | Letters

We welcome the World Health Organisation’s focus on containing and eliminating the Zika virus. However, we urge the international community not to forget that long-term measures and resources will need to be put into place to ensure the rights of the children with microcephaly. Sense was founded by families of those born with congenital rubella syndrome during the outbreak in the 1950s and 60s in Britain. Our experience working with children with deafblindness and other complex needs has shown that accessing early intervention and ongoing support will be crucial. Over the coming months Sense International will focus its advice and support on these vital, long-term services.
Carolyn Merry
Director, Sense International

• The Zika outbreak has turned our ideas of morality inside out. Pregnancy for those who would bear very defective babies must be avoided at all costs. Those who preach against contraception are themselves committing a cardinal sin – until we have a vaccine the danger threatens the lives of millions and we must denounce them in their own terms. If they want to preach that everyone should be absolutely chaste for a couple of years, well and good, but to condemn women to bear children who will need constant care and sacrifice by the whole family is incredibly wicked. We need free contraception and advice for all, with abortion as a long stop. It is no good respecting the beliefs of our Catholic friends – we must speak out. This catastrophe need not happen and those hampering its prevention are the sinners.
Anthea Hardy
High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire

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Concern grows over Catholic church's silence over Zika virus crisis

Critics draw comparison with church view on Aids/HIV as proscription remains on artificial contraception and abortion despite virus’s links with birth defects

The Catholic church has remained silent in the face of the mounting crisis caused by the Zika virus in Latin America, which has led at least four countries to urge women to avoid pregnancy for up to two years.

The church has not eased its proscription on artificial contraception and abortion despite strong indications that the virus spread by mosquitoes is the cause of devastating birth defects across the region. Thousands of babies have been born with unusually small brains and heads, a condition known as microcephaly.

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الأربعاء، 3 فبراير 2016

Migrant women face £6,000 birth bill under 'health tourism' laws

Charities say undocumented women have to make difficult choices about accessing maternity care because of crippling NHS fees

Pregnant women living in the UK without documents are having to make difficult decisions about accessing maternity services, potentially risking their own lives and those of their unborn children, because of crippling fees imposed by the NHS, say charities.

Campaigners say vulnerable women already struggling to support themselves are being charged up to £6,000 for a normal birth, with emergency procedures such as caesareans adding around £3,000, because of the 150% surcharge introduced to prevent “health tourism” from outside the EU.

I arrived in the UK stressed, worried, sick and 27 weeks pregnant

Migrants face higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes than the general population

Related: London clinic is a lifeline for the refugees afraid to use the NHS

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Sophie's Law: mother to deliver petition urging 30-week foetus personhood law

Petition with 113,000 signatures calls for introduction of law in honour of Sarah Milosevic’s unborn daughter, killed in crash caused by drunk driver

A Queensland mother who lost her unborn daughter in a crash caused by a drunk driver is delivering a petition with more than 100,000 signatures in her fight for a law that would give personhood to a foetus.

On Thursday, Sarah Milosevic will deliver a petition with 113,000 signatures to the state attorney general, Yvette D’Ath, calling for the introduction of “Sophie’s Law”, in honour of her daughter, which will enact tougher penalties for people who commit criminal acts that result in the death of unborn children.

Related: Sophie's law: mother campaigns to legally recognise 30-week foetuses

Related: Zoe's law: I am pro-choice, but my daughter deserved to be recognised | Brodie Donegan

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الثلاثاء، 2 فبراير 2016

11 ideas to improve maternal health in areas of conflict and extreme poverty

How can we improve healthcare for new and expectant mothers in insecure environments? Our panel of experts share their thoughts

The lower social status of women and girls often translates into less education, which means they often don’t know where to access maternal healthcare or seek remedies when they are denied care or their rights are otherwise violated. It is also essential that men are educated about women’s fundamental human rights, including their rights to access health services. Katy Mayall, global advocacy adviser, Center for Reproductive Rights

Related: Razor blades in Malawi, iPads in London: what the world's women pack in their maternity bags – in pictures

Related: 'The child died as he was born, in between my legs' | Njaleruma Kigozi

Related: App helps health workers save lives of mothers and newborns | Carla Kweifio-Okai

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